
The photography reader
Wells, L. (ed.) (2003) The photography reader. Abingdon: Routledge.
A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – XYZ
Quotes
text
Contents
PART ONE
Reflections on photography
INTRODUCTION
Roland Barthes
EXTRACTS FROM CAMERA LUCIDA
Marjorie Perloff
WHAT HAS OCCURRED ONLY ONCE: BARTHES’S WINTER GARDEN/BOLTANSKI’S ARCHIVES OF THE DEAD
Walter Benjamin
EXTRACTS FROM THE WORK OF ART IN THE AGE OF MECHANICAL REPRODUCTION
W. J. T. Mitchell
BENJAMIN AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE PHOTOGRAPH
Susan Sontag
PHOTOGRAPHY WITHIN THE HUMANITIES 59
Wright Morris
IN OUR IMAGE
Peter Wollen
FIRE AND ICE
PART TWO
Photographic seeing
INTRODUCTION
Hubert Damisch
FIVE NOTES FOR A PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE
Ossip Brik
WHAT THE EYE DOES NOT SEE
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
A NEW INSTRUMENT OF VISION
John Szarkowski
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHOTOGRAPHER’S EYE
Edward Weston
SEEING PHOTOGRAPHICALLY
PART THREE
Codes and rhetoric
INTRODUCTION
Roland Barthes
RHETORIC OF THE IMAGE
Umberto Eco
A PHOTOGRAPH
Victor Burgin
LOOKING AT PHOTOGRAPHS
Christian Metz
PHOTOGRAPHY AND FETISH
PART FOUR
Photography and the postmodern
INTRODUCTION
Abigail Solomon-Godeau
WINNING THE GAME WHEN THE RULES HAVE BEEN CHANGED: ART PHOTOGRAPHY AND POSTMODERNISM
Andy Grundberg
THE CRISIS OF THE REAL: PHOTOGRAPHY AND POSTMODERNISM
Steve Edwards
SNAPSHOOTERS OF HISTORY: PASSAGES ON THE POSTMODERN ARGUMENT
PART FIVE
Photo-digital
INTRODUCTION
Sarah Kember
‘THE SHADOW OF THE OBJECT’: PHOTOGRAPHY AND REALISM
Martin Lister
EXTRACTS FROM INTRODUCTION TO THE PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE IN DIGITAL CULTURE
Geoffrey Batchen
PHOTOGENICS
Lev Manovich
THE PARADOXES OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
PART SIX
Documentary and photojournalism
INTRODUCTION
John Tagg
EVIDENCE, TRUTH AND ORDER: PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND THE GROWTH OF THE STATE
Martha Rosier
IN, AROUND, AND AFTERTHOUGHTS (ON DOCUMENTARY PHOTOGRAPHY)
Lisa Henderson
ACCESS AND CONSENT IN PUBLIC PHOTOGRAPHY
John Berger
PHOTOGRAPHS OF AGONY
Karin E. Becker
PHOTOJOURNALISM AND THE TABLOID PRESS
Edmundo Desnoes
CUBA MADE ME SO
PART SEVEN
The photographic gaze
INTRODUCTION
Roberta McGrath
RE-READING EDWARD WESTON: FEMINISM, PHOTOGRAPHY AND PSYCHOANALYSIS
Jan Avgikos
CINDY SHERMAN: BURNING DOWN THE HOUSE
Lucy R. Lippard
DOUBLETAKE: THE DIARY OF A RELATIONSHIP WITH AN IMAGE
Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins
THE PHOTOGRAPH AS AN INTERSECTION OF GAZES THE EXAMPLE OF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
PART EIGHT
Image and identity
INTRODUCTION
David A. Bailey and Stuart Hall
THE VERTIGO OF DISPLACEMENT
bell hooks
IN OUR GLORY: PHOTOGRAPHY AND BLACK LIFE
Annette Kuhn
REMEMBRANCE: THE CHILD I NEVER WAS
Rosy Martin and Jo Spence
PHOTO-THERAPY: PSYCHIC REALISM AS A HEALING ART?
Angela Kelly
SELF IMAGE: PERSONAL IS POLITICAL
PART NINE
Contexts: gallery, museum, education, archive
INTRODUCTION
Douglas Crimp
THE MUSEUM’S OLD, THE LIBRARY’S NEW SUBJECT
Liz Wells
WORDS AND PICTURES: ON REVIEWING PHOTOGRAPHY
David Bate
ART, EDUCATION, PHOTOGRAPHY 435
Allan Sekula
READING AN ARCHIVE: PHOTOGRAPHY BETWEEN LABOUR AND CAPITAL
Index A-C
A
abstract seeing 93
academic spectator 369-71
access, consent and 254, 275-87
Adams, A. 176, 229, 231-2
Adamson, R. 158
Adas, M. 367
Adobe Photoshop 225
advertisements 109, 160-1, 210-11, 245, 311-12; rhetoric of the image 114—-25
aesthetic moment 211-15, 267-8
affectivity 211-15
Africa 313, 314
Agee,J. 268-9
agency, abandonment of 186
agony, photographs of 254, 288-90
Alexander, V. 155, 160, 161-2, 163, 182
Alinder, M.S. 232
Allen, N.W. 219
Allende, S. 315,319
Alloula, M. 370
Alloway, L. 102
Altamira 67-8
‘altars’ 393
Altman, R. 222
Alvarado, M. 364
American life 175-6
America Online 230
American Civil War 70, 100
Amos, E. 394
anamnesis 27-8
anchorage 117-18
Andrew, D. 6-7
Anglo-American formalism 83
anonymity of photographer 71—4
appropriation 152-5, 171-3
Arbeiter Fotographen 191
Arbus, D. 264, 270, 437
architecture 1 65
archives: digital 229-34; industrial environment 420, 443-52
Arnheim, R. 219
Arnoux, A. 48
arrangement 5, 172
arresting images 289
art 70-1, 89; conceptual art 437; institutions 419, 422-7; mechanical reproduction and 15, 42-52; photographs as art or technology 55-7; photographs of an industrial environment 448-50; photography as meta-art 60; photography as new instrument of vision 94—-5; postmodernism in 166-70, 177-8, 188-9; revolutionary art 56-7, 82-3; science vs 50-1, 224—-5, 450; theory, photography and 420, 435—42
art photography 32, 77-8, 103, 173; development of 436-7; nature and self 411; and postmodernism 149, 152-63; and reality 315-16
artists: role 37; and use of photography 159-60, 175
Asia 313
aspect 77-9, 80
Assagioli, R. 408
Atget, E. 47, 56, 71
Atkins, A. 200, 234–5, 236
Aumont, J. 1 2
aura 44, 45, 56, 143, 440
authentication 34–6
authenticity 43-4
author 154–5; death of the author 110-11
avant-gardism 381-2
Avedon, R. 62-3
Avgikos, J. 325, 338-42
B
back/front distinction 278
Bacon, F. 102, 207
Bailey, D.A. 377, 380-6
Bakhtin, M.M. 184
Bakhtin School 184
Baldessari, J. 155, 159
Baldwin, J. 402
Baldwin, M. 187
Balla, G. 101
Banff 348
Barbie, K. 38
Barthes, R. 4, 76, 110, 132, 221-2, 224, 309, 344, 435, 447; extracts from Camera Lucido 14–15, 19-30; photography and death 23-4, 31-2, 78-9, 140; power of affect 212; punctum 25-6, 33-4, 143,213, 399; reading a photograph 357; realism 219-20; rhetoric of the image 111, 114–25; text and image 303; Winter Garden Photograph 28-30, 33-4, 40, 213-14
Bataille, G. 341
Batchen, G. 200, 228-39
Bate, D. 420, 435-42
Baudelaire, C.P. 55, 97
Baudrillard, J. 14, 148-9, 160-1, 164, 176, 181, 187-8
Bauhaus 5
Bayard, H. 56
Baynes, K. 294
Bazin, A. 110
Beato, F. 423
Beaton, C. 327
Beauborg Centre 187-8
beauty, cult of 45-6
Beaver family photograph 343-53
Becher, B. 154, 155, 175
Becher, H. 154, 155, 175
Becker, K. 254–5, 296, 301
being-there 120-1
belief 144
Bellour, R. 145
Benedek, Y.E. 267
Benjamin, W. 4, 82, 157, 191,199,297, 432, 443; aura 44, 45, 56, 143, 440; historical materialism 451; optical unconscious 13; pictorial reproduction and speech 222; and political economy of the photograph 1 5-16, 5 3-8; work of art in an age of mechanical reproduction 15, 42-52, 229
Benetton 203
Berger, J. 2, 14, 254, 288-90, 324
Bettman Archive 229
Biggs, S. 218
Bisson Freres 423
‘biographemes’ 26
Black Elk 349
black life, photography and 377, 387-94
black photography movement 377, 380-6
black-and-white photography 92-3
Bollas, C. 212,213,214
Boltanski, C. 10-11, 15, 31-41; Detective 38-9
Bolton, R. 16
bombs 288
Bonitzer, P. 142
Boulogne, G.D. de 423
Bourdieu, P. 139, 376
Bowery, New York 261, 262-3
Bowles, P. 310
Brady, M. 70, 100
Brassai: 66, 270
Brazil 319
Brecht, B. 5, 443
Brik, 0. 83, 90-1
Brooks, E. 171
Brown, J. 292
Brown, T. 165
Brugiere, F. 411
Buckland, G. 327
Buck-Morss, S. 222
Burgin, V. 6, 155, 191, 207, 208, 297, 324; end of art theory 438; structure of representation 112, 130-7
Burgin school 190-1
Burke, . 381
Burnett, D. 266-7
Burro”·s, L. 264
C
Calilia. P. 3+0
camera 12: ambivalence about 54–5; gaze into 35 -61: in National Ge09raphic photographs 36,-9: and self-knowledge 365: sound of 24
camera obscura 54, 88, 133
cameraman film 48-9
Camerawork 8
Cameron, A 205
Cameron. J .. L 12, 15 , 209
Camplis. F.X. 3_0
candid photographs 300, 301, 303
Capa. R. 79,100,128,264,423
Cape Breton area 420, 443-52
capitalism 54, 192-3
captions see text
Carjat, 423
Carpentier, A. 317-18
Carroll, L. 158, 209
Cartesian dualism 207
Cartier-Bresson, H. 64, 102, 253, 270, 315,423,437
Caseberc, J. 155
Casement, P. 406
Cassell, J. 266
castration 141-2, 144, 209-10, 331-3
caves 67-8
celebrities 299-300
censorship 230
Central America 255, 309-22
Cezanne, P. 166
Charnay, D. 423
charity 262
Charlesworth, S. 155
Chases, Lycee 3 3, 3 9
Chavez, C. 263
chemical process 221
childhood, memories of 37-8, 377, 395—401
children 280, 320
Childs, L. 165
Chile 315
China 65
cinema 241-2; see also film
civil rights activism 389-90
Cixous, H. 341
Clark, L. 264, 266
class 360; working class 186, 193
classical space 207-8
classification 19-21
Coburn, A.L. 158,411
Cocteau, J. 334
coded iconic message 115-16, 116-1 7
code 35-6. 110,111, 131; see also semiotics
codification 110
Coleman, A.D. 432
collections 5; in art institutions 419, 422-7; see also archives
Collier’s Weekly 293
Collins, J. 325, 354-74
colonialism 346, 352; see also decolonization
colour 93
Communards 22
composition 107-8, 135-6
Compuserve 230
computer games 241
Comrie, B. 77, 79
conceptual art 437
concern, awakening 289-90
connoisseurship 4 3 2
connotators 123
connoted image 115-16, 116-17, 121—4
consciousness 1 20
consent, access and 254, 275-87
constructivism 5
consumption 89
contact printing 3 34
contagion 340
contexts 5, 276; cultural context 403-5; photographs and film 65-6; reviewing photography and 429-30
contradictions 55
Cookman, C. 294
Copernicus, . 167
copy-original relationship 242-3
Corbis Corporation 229-33
Cory, K. 347
Coward, R. 330
Cowin, E. 170
Crane, S. 70
Crazy Horse 34 7
credibility 269
criminals 38-9
Crimp, D. 153—4, 166, 177, 182; ambiguous position of photography in art institutions 419, 422-7
criticism 2-4, 71; reviewing photography
419-20,428-34
Cruise, T. 203-4
Cuba 313,315,319
cult value 45-6, 46-7, 440
cultural codes 35-6, 111
cultural message 115-16, 116-17, 121-4
cultural studies 3 81-2
Cumming, R. 175
Cunningham, M. 165
Curtis, E. 265, 345-6, 34 7
Cushman, D. 362
D-H
D
daguerrotypes 54, 69, 88, 89, 97-8,
334, 335
Daily Express 294
Daily Graphic 294, 295
Daily Mirror 294
Damisch, H. 84, 87-9
dance 165-6
data 233-4; see also information
Davidson, B. 264
Davis, D. 424
De Beauvoir, S. 328
death 40; ‘altars’ in black homes 393; of the author 110-11; Barthes on photography and death 23-4, 31-2, 78-9, 140; photography and fetishism 140-3
Debord, G. 160
deception 88
decisive moment 102, 204, 253
decolonization 364—5, 392
deconstruction 1 66
Deitch, J. 192
Demachy, R. 158
denoted image 116-17, 119-21, 123-4
depth model 184—5
Derrida, J. 148, 166, 167-8, 236
Desnoes, E. 255, 309-22
detail 26, 36-7, 100
Devereux, G. 355
Dews, P. 181
diachronic orders 446
diamonds 320, 355, 356
Dibbets, J. 155
differance 232
difference 185-6
digital iconoclasm 203-6
digital photography 197-249; dialectial approach to analysis of impact 199-200 218-27; and history of photograph, 200, 228-39; paradoxes of 200, 240-9: photography and realism 199, 202-17, 219-20
digitisation 223-6
Dijon junior high school 39-40
direct Western gaze 362-5
Disdcri, A. 426
dissociation 63-4
distancing 363-4
distorted seeing 94
documentary 77-8, 223, 252-4; access and consent in public photography 254, 275-87; black photographers 380-1, 382; digitisation 224—5; government records 254, 257-60; power relations 254, 261-74
doll-house images 170-1
dominant culture 403-5
Dominion Steel and Coal Company 445
Dormeuil advertisement 109
drawing 119-20
dreams 28
Druckrey, T. 205-6
dry plate 98
duality 24—5
Du Camp, M. 422, 423
Dubois, P. 140-1
Duchamp, M. 101
Duncan, D.D. 264
Dworkin, A. 339
Dyer, C.S. 294
Dzu men 369
E
Eagleton, T. 3, 167-8, 183, 189, 190, 191
Eastman 13
Eco, U. 13-14, 110,312; symbolic power of the image 111, 126-9
Edelman, B. 56-7, 444
Edelson, M.B. 340
Edgerton, H.E. 101
education 420, 435-42
Edwards, S. 150, 180-95
elaboration 284
Eleta, S. 317
Elizabeth II, Queen 203
Ellis, J. 222
emancipation 189-90
Emery, E. 294, 295
emotions 21-22
Empire Strikes Back, The 391
empowerment 3, 391, 392
Engels, F. 53-4
engraving 42
Enlightenrnent 189-90
entry 281
epoch-making photograp128
equal access 389-90
Erwitt, E. 266
essentialism 383–4
etching 42
ethnography 36-7
Euclidean geometry 208
Eugene, F. 158
Evans, H. 202
Evans, W. 70, 71, 154, 159,264,269, 437; Let Us Now Praise Famous Men 268-9; signs 175-6
Evening Graphic 294
events, processes and states 77-9
evidence 223, 224, 395; government photographic records 254, 257-60
exact seeing 94
exchange value 84
exhibition value 46-7
exhibitions 429
experience, photographer’s 107
eye, human 90-1
F
f/64 333–4
Fabian, J. 344, 349
face, human 4 7
familiarity 278
family 32; Cowin’s docudramas 170; gazes and power 402-3
family album 399–400, 405-6
family photographs 377-8, 405, 450-1; conflicting memories 377, 395–401; photography and black life 377, 387-94
family photography industry 401
Fani-Kayode, R. 383, 384—6
Farm Security Administration (FSA) 70
Farm Workers’ Organizing Committee 263
fashion photographs 161-2, 31 2-1 3
Fellini, F. 300
female sexuality 325, 338–42, 415
feminism 149, 161, 324, 327; discourse opposing patriarchy 335-6; self-portrait and self-image 414-16
feminist criticism 432
fetishism 15, 209, 341; photography as art 56, 57; photography and fetish 112, 138-45; voyeurism and 331, 333, 335-6
fiction 79
film 44, 130, 136; art and 47-51; differences between film and photography 138-40; digital photography and 241-8; fetishism 141-5; impact compared with still photographs 65-6; time, film and photography 16-17, 76-80
filter-photography 94
First World War 35, 447-8
fitting in (by photographer) 280, 281
Flaherty, R. 265
focus 208
food 312
forgetting 141
formalism 175
Foucault, M. 4, 149, 224, 254,259,402, 419; positivism 208-9
found images 162
founding 42
frame 100-1, 133, 304; out-of-frame gaze 361; within-frame gaze 361
Frampton, H. 334
Francis, A. 381
Frank, R. 159, 176, 269-70
Frank, W. 331-2
Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper 292
Frankfurt School 1 5
Freud, S. 50, 141, 142, 144, 324, 334, 377
Freund, G. 12, 252, 300
Friedlander, L. 134, 135-6, 176, 177, 269,270,414
Frith, F. 422,423
front/back distinction 278
Fuller, L. 165
functions 26
G
galloping horse 102
Gance, A. 44, 48
Gardner, A. 423
Gasparini, P. 3 2 0-1
Gates, B. 229-30, 231, 232-3
gaze 323-74; gazes and identity 402-3; intersection of gazes 325, 354-74; photograph of Native American family 325, 343-53; re-reading Weston 324, 327-37; Sherman’s photography 325, 338-42
Geary, C.M. 355
gentleness 29, 34
geometry of classical space 207-8
Gerome, J.L. 426
gestalt 406
Gilbert & George 155
Gilpin, L. 347
Gitlin, T. 369
global capitalism 192-3
God Uehovah) 68
Godard, J.-L. 443
Goffman, E. 276,278,282,362
Gombrich, E.H. 55
Gorin, J.-P. 443
Grady, D. 347
Graham, D. 155
Graham, M. 165
Graham-Brown, S. 367
Gramsci, A. 381
Granma 315
Graves, M. 165
Greater London Council (GLC) 381
Green, D. 223
Greenberg, C. 188
Gregory,]. 375
Greimas, A.J. 122
Grierson, J. 252
groups of photographers 278-9
Grundberg, A. 150, 164-79
Guevara, Che 128
Guillen, N. 319
Gulf War 14
gunman, Milanese 127-8
Guttman, M. 192
H
Haaften, J. van 422-3
Habermas, J. 189
Hackney Flashers 412
half-tone plates 221
Hall, S. 252, 302, 376; black photography movement 377, 380-6
Hanffstengel, R. von 317
Haraway, D. 209, 215, 366
Hare, J. 293
Harri , N. 192-3
Hartmann, S. 157
Harvey, S. 252
Hassner, R. 292
Hauserman, N. 294
having-been-there 120-1
Hawthorne, . 97-8, 99
Haxton, D. 175
Hayward, D. 224
Hearst, W.R. 293
Heartfield, J. 188, 191
Heinecken, R. 173, 174
Henderson, L. 254, 275-87
Henneberg, H. 158
hero, lone 127-8
hieroglyphs 48
Hill, D.O. 158
Hine, L. 262, 265, 423
history 3-4, 27-8, 44; industrial photographs and 44 7-8; of photography and the digital era 200, 228-39
Hitler, A. 189
Hjelmslev, L. 138
Hard af Segerstad, T. 295
Hackney, D. 175
Hoffman, D. 203-4
home: photographs of celebrities at 299-300
homosexuality 407, 408
honour 334
hooks, b. 377, 387-94
horse, galloping 102
Hughes, J. 264
human eye 90-1
human face 4 7
humanities, photography within 59-66
Hustler 317
I-P
I
iconic messages 115-17
iconoclasm, digital 203-6
identification (i.d.) portrait 299, 302
identity 375-416; Barthes 37-8; black photography movement 377, 380-6; family photographs and conflicting memories 377, 395-401; national identity 366-7; photography and black life 377, 387-94; photo-therapy 378, 402-9; plural identities 382-3; self-portraiture 378, 410-16
ideology 122-3, 132-3; art photography and postmodernism 160-3
Illustrated London News 292
image fatigue 254
images: in digital culture 199-200, 218-27; and identity see identity; nature of the photographic image 106; phenomenology of 84, 87-9; proliferation of 16, 60, 67-75; recording 106-7; relationship between original and copy 242-3; rhetoric of the image 111, 114–25; self-image 414–16
imitation of life 69
impossible science of the unique being 29-30, 34
indexicality 139, 219-20
Indians, Native 325, 343-53
inductivism 207
industrial environment 420, 443-52
Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) 24 7
industrialisation of photography 157-8
information 64; in traditional and digital
images 243-4; see also data
informed consent 285
inherent mutability 244–5
inscribing 87
Institute of Design, Chicago 175
institutions 5, 417-52; ambiguous position of photography 419, 422-7; archives 420, 443-52; art, education and photography 420, 435-42; reviewing photography 419-20, 428-34
integration, racial 389-90
intensified seeing 94
intention 26
interchangeability of human beings 40-1
internalized oppression 407
Internet 229-30
intersubjective time 346
inurement 63, 254
inventory 37
Iran 314
Irigaray, L. 149
Isherwood, C. 61
Italianicity 115, 122
Ivins, W.M. 99-100, 102
J
Jameson, F. 149, 169, 184, 370
Japanese prints 101
Jarche, J. 134-5
Jay, B. 253,431
Jehovah (God) 68
Jencks, C. 165
Jetee, La 79
Jews 33, 35, 40
Johanesson, L. 292
Johns, J. 177
Jordanova, L. 207
Journal 293
journalistic style 282; see also photojournalism
Judson Dance Theater, New York City 165
Jurassic Park 246, 24 7, 248
K
Kael, P. 71
Kasebier, G. 34 7
Keith, T. 158
Kelly, A. 378, 410-16
Kelly, M. 429,441
Kember, S. 199, 202-17
Kertesz, A. 270
killers 38-9
kindness 29
Kipling, R. 351-2
King, M.L. 364
Klein, W. 26
knowledge, photographer’s 107
Kobre, K. 295
Kodak 13,405,436
Kolbowski, S. 155, 160, 161, 163, 182
Kolwezi 314
Kosloff, M. 14
Kosuth, J. 155
Krauss, R. 169, 182
Kristeva, J. 149
Kruger, B. 155, 160, 162, 163, 182, 336
Kuhn, A. 377, 395-401
Kuhn, H. 158
L
Lacan, J. 4, 133-4, 144, 377-8
Lama, L. 127
Lange, D. 70, 264, 267, 268
Langford, M. 437
language 12, 110, 115, 130-1; arbitrary nature of 183-4; natural and visual 131; sexual 330-1
Latin America 255, 309-22
Lawler, L. 172
Lawson, T. 169-70
Lee, R. 70, 264
LeSecq, H. 423
Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper 292
Lessing, D. 411
Lesy, M. 72
Let Us Now Praise Famous Men 268-9
Levine, L.W. 358
Levine, S. 147, 152-5, 160, 163, 172, 182
Levi-Strauss, C. 111 12, 145, 352
lexicons 121-2
lexis 138
liberal documentary 263–4
libraries 422-7
Lichtenstein, R. 177
Life 314
light and shadow 92-3
linguistic message 115, 116-17, 117-19
Linker, K. 160-1
Lippard, L.R. 325, 327, 343-53, 413
Lissitzky, E. 81
Lister, M. 199-200, 218-27
literal message 116-17, 119-21, 123–4
literature 71
lithography 42-3
Live Picture 244
living qualities 5 3–4
Local Government Act Section 28 408
local state 258-60
Lomax, Y. 183
lone hero 127-8
looking 134–6; see also gaze, seeing
lossy compression 243
loved ones, photographs of 141 ; Winter Garden Photograph 28-30, 33–4, 40, 213-14; see also family photographs
Lumieres Brothers 13, 78, 24 7
Lutz, C. 325, 354–74
Lycee Chases 33, 39
Lyon, D. 264
Lyotard, J.F. 177, 180-1, 185, 189
M
Maca Indians 367-9
MacCannell, D. 349
Madden, R. 356
Maddow, B. 334
magazine’s gaze 357
magicians 49
Magritte, R. 429
Maine, wreck of the 293, 294
MAKE 419
Malcolm X 364
Maligne Lake 350
Manet, E. 188,426; Olympia 153
manipulation, digital 203-6
Mannoni, 0. 144
Manovich, L. 200, 240-9
Yiapplethorpe, R. 182, 383-6
Maguet, J. 363
Marcos, F. 361
Marcos, I. 361
Marcus, G.E. 362
Marcuse, H. 82-3
Marey, E. 423
Marker, C. 79
Marsh, G. 40
Marti, J. 316
Martin, R. 378, 402-9
Marx, K. 53–4, 57,319,321
Marxism 15, 328
mass art 297
mass audience 49-50
Matador 244
materialism 13 9–40, 1 9 3–4
Mazzatenta, O.L. 367-9
McCullin, D. 264, 288, 289
McGrane, B. 367
McGrath, R. 223; analysis of Weston’s work 324, 327-37
meaning 110, 114, 13 2; archives and 444–5; how an image generates meaning 220-3; play of meaning 148; poststructuralism 167-8
Means, R. 34 7
mechanical reproduction 15, 42-52, 229
media 168
medical dummies 338–41
Medusa 335
Meese Commission report 339
Meiselas, S. 264, 314–15
memory 2,141,394; of childhood 37-8, 377, 395–401; family photographs and conflicting memories 377, 395–401
Mendieta, M. 340
Messager, A. 38
messages 111, 114–25
Metken, G. 39
metonymy 123
Metz, C. 358,359,361; photography and fetish 112, 138–45
Mexico 68,319
Meyer, P. 251,252,317
Microsoft 229, 230
Midsummer Night’s Dream, A 48
Mies van der Rohe, L. 165
Milanese gunman 127-8
military 3 19
Miller, A. 403, 407
mimesis 340
Minamata 65, 264
mirror 365-7
mirror-stage of child development 133–4
Mitchell, W.J.T. 198,205,206; Benjamin and the political economy of the photograph 15-16, 53-8; digital imaging 225-6, 242-5
model releases 285
modernism 83–4, 327; art institutions 423-6; multiplicity in 188-90; in photography 173-7; see also postrnodernism
Moholy-Nagy, L. 82, 175; new instrument of vision 83, 92-6
Momaday, N.S. 344
moral issues 62-3
Morris, W. 15, 67-75
Morrison, T. 393
Morse, S. 54
mourning 27, 28, 141
‘movement, the’ 127
mudmen of New Guinea 265
multimedia 226
Mulvey, L. 324, 335, 363–4
Murray, E. 426
Murrow, E.R. 263
Musee de l’Homme 36-7
Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) (New York) 83, 84, 150,155,424,430
museums 422-7
mutability, inherent 244-5
mutilation 341
Muybridge, E. 102,423
myths 145
N
Nachman, J. 270-1
Naclar, F. 26, 29, 56,249,423
naming 318-19
napalm victims 62-3
narrative 76-7, 78, 79-80, 100
Nasmyth, J. 197
National Geographic: intersection of gazes in photographs 325, 354–74; pyramids photograph 204–5
national identity 366-7
native peoples 265 6; Canadian Indians 325, 343-53
nature 207
Neruda, P. 116
Neuro Linguistic Programming 406
New Guinea, mudmen of 265
New Mexico, University of 228, 234-6
New York (magazine) 312
New York Daily News 294, 295
New York Public Library +22-3
New York Times Midweek Pictorial 296
Newhall, B. 164
Newhall, N. 328
news events 301-2
news photographs 77-8
newspapers 254-5, 291-308
Newsweek 203–4, 314
Next Directory 150, 18 l
Nicaragua 314-15
Niepce, J.N. 89, 133
Noland, K. 166
non-coded iconic message 116-1 7
non-Westerner’s gaze 358-62
normal appearances 276-7
O
objectivity 88
Oedipus myth 145
off-frame space 141-3
official identification (i.d.) photograph 299, 302
O’Keefe, G. 73
Oldham, S. 392, 393
open settings 282-3
operator 21-2, 26
oppression, internalized 407
optical quality 92-3
ordering schemes 446
ordinary objects 64-5
ordinary people 298-9, 302, 302-3
original-copy relationship 242-3
originality, loss of 198-9
O’Sullivan, T. 423
Other, refracted gaze of 365-9
out-of-frame gaze 361
Owen, B. 266
ownership 2 3
P
painters 49, 102, 177; use of photography 159-60; see also artists painting 47, 94-5, 130, 440-l; mass audience and 49-50; photo-painting 104-5, 107; realism 12; see also art
panopticon 208
Panzani advertisement 115-24
Papageorge, T. 157, 159
paparazzi 300
particles 1 06
pastiche 169
Paxton, S. 165
Peche Merle 67-8
penetration 330-1, 333
penetrative seeing 94
penis 142
Penn, I. 265, 423
perception 44–5
Perec, G. 35, 38
performance photographs 300
performers 280
periodical press 292-3
Perloff, M. 15, 31–41
Pfahl, J. 176
phallus 144
phenomenology of the image 84, 87-9
Phillips, A. 209, 210
philistines 56
photo-chemical technology 221
photograms 92, 93, 234–6
photographers: anonymity 71–4; attitudes and moral approaches 61-3; fitting in 280, 281; groups of 278-9; relationship to subjects 285-6; strategies 275, 281-3; as subjects in exclusive news reports 303–4; technical skill and knowledge 107
photographer’s gaze 355, 356
photographic codes 110
photographic magazines 405
photography theory see theory
photojournalism 254–5; images of Central America 255, 309-22; photographs of agony 254, 288-90; and the tabloid press 254–5, 291-308
photo-painters 105-6, I 07
photorealism 246-8
Photo-Secession 15 8
photo-therapy 378, 402-9
pictorialist photography 12, 8 2, 1 5 6-8
picture magazines 296-7
picture press 292-3
Pierce, C.S. 110, 139, 166
pixels 243–4
Plato 13
Pleynet, M. 55
plural identities 382-3
pluralism 166, 168, 185-6
point-of-view 133
PolicinB the Crisis 3 81
political economy of the photograph 15-16, 53-8
politics 46-7
Pollock, J. 171-2, 188
polysemy 117-19
pop art 436, 449
Popper, K. 192
popular culture 436
pornography 338–42
Porter, E. 154
portraits 22–4, 139; identification (i.d.) portraits 299, 302; self-portraits 376, 410-16
posing 22–4, 78
positivism 208-9, 215,447
postmodernism 147-95; in art 166-7, 177-8, 188-9; art institutions 424–6; art photography and 149, 152-63; examining the assumptions of 150, 180-95; meaning of 150, 164–79
poststructuralism 167-8, 382
power: archives and 446-7; empowerment 3, 391, 392; family photographs and 398-9; of the state and photographic records 259-60; travel and 352; Weston 334
practices 21-2
pre-industrial photography 56, 57
presence 27-30, 31, 33–4
Prince, R. 155, 160-1, 163, 171-2, 182
printing 42; Weston 333–4
privacy 74, 285-6, 441
processes, states and events 77-9
Proust, M. 29, 33
psychoanalysis 50, 377; fetishism 144–5, 209-10; re-reading Weston 328-33
psychodrama 406
psychosynthesis 406, 408-9
psychotherapy 378, 402-9
public debate 3
public photography 254, 275-87
Pulitzer, J. 293
punctum 25-6, 33–4, 143,213,399
Puranen, J. 417,418
Purism 175
Puyo, C. 158
pyramids 204–5
Q-Z
Q
quality,o ptical 92-3
Queir6s, A. de 317
Quicktime technology 241
R
Rabinow, P. 370
Radio Alice 126, 129
Radway, J. 358
Rain Man 203-4
Rainer, Y. 165
Ranke, L. von 447
rapid seeing 94
rationality 189
Rauschenberg, R. 159, 169, 175, 177, 425
reader’s/viewer’s gaze 355, 356, 357-8
reading a photograph 71
realism/reality 88,310,408: anti-realism of black photography movement 381-2; digital images and 246-8; and imitation 68-9; loss of the real 199; Marx 53-4; in painting 12; photography and 99-100, 199, 202-17, 219-20, 296
rebellion 24-5, 311-12, 314–15, 319
recognition 28
recording 87; nature of process 105
Reed, R.W. 347
referent, photographic 35-6
refusal 154
Reinhardt, M. 48
Rejlander, 0. 100
relay 118-1 9
religion 3 19
Rembrandt van Rijn 53-4, 410, 411
remedial work 283-4
Renard, D. 35
rephotography 171
reportage 224; see also photojournalism representation 149, 154,180,202,235, 376; black photography movement 383; photography theory 438-9; political struggle in black life 389-91; Saussurian linguistics 183-4; structure of 112, 130-7
reproduction 93; electronic 231; mechanical 15, 42-52, 229
resistance: to being photographed 283-4; postmodernism and 190
reviewing 419-20, 428-34
revolution 127-8, 311-12, 314–15, 319
revolutionary art 56-7, 82-3
revolutionary leaders 53-4
rhetoric 123
Riding, L. 71
Riis, J. 261-2, 265,423
Rilke, R.M. 74
Ritchin, F. 202-3, 203-4, 207, 210-1 i. 212-13, 215,225
ritual 45-6, 141
Robins, K. 206, 218-19
Robinson, H.P. 12, 100
Robinson, W. 169
Rodchenko, A. 90, 188, 191
Rogoff, I. 7
romanticism 448-9
Rome, University of 127, 129
Ronell, A. 340
Rosler, M. 198,202,205; documentary 254, 261-74
Rouille, A. 187
Ruscha, E. 155,175,425,426
S
Salzmann, A. 423
Samaras, L. 175
Saner, M. 262
Sartre, J.-P. 1-2, 13, 84
Sarup, M. 148
Saussure, F. de 110, 166, 183-4
Schaaf, L. 234–5
Schaffer, C. 351
Schaffer, M. 343-53
Schaik, C. van 72
Schiller, D. 296
Schmid, J. 111
Schneeman, C. 340
Schumann, R. 29
science 450; and art in digital photography 224–5; and art in film 50-1
Screen magazine 382
Second World War 35, 100, 189,448
security 279
seeing 60-1 , 81-1 08; eight varieties of photographic vision 93-4; expression and 84, 104–8; new instrument of vision 83, 92-6; phenomenology of the image 84, 87-9; photography and new kind of 64–5; recording what the eye does not see 83, 90-1; specificity of photography 84, 97-103
seesaws 36
segregation 389-91
Sekula, A. 208, 223, 235, 236, 300, 302, 305; reading of archives 420, 443-52;
science and art 224–5
self 22-3; territories of the self 276; theatre of the self 406-8
self-awareness 365-9
self-consciousness 1 70
self-expression 410-14
self-image 414—16
self-portraits 378, 410-16
semiotics 109–45; photography and fetish 112, 138–45; rhetoric of the image 111, 114—25; structure of representation 112, 1 30-7; symbolic power of the image 111, 126-9
sensationalism 293-5, 302
sensibility 7 3–4
Serge, V. 189
series 95
settings 278-9
sexual language 330-1
sexuality: and death 40; female 325, 338–42, 415; homosexuality 407, 408
shadow, light and 92-3
Shedden, L. 420,443-52
Sherman, C. 155,1 70,1 82-3,3 23; and feminism 325, 338–42
shocking images 63–4, 254, 288-90
SIGGRAPH 241-2
signification 6-7
signifieds 115-16, 122,167
signifiers 167
signs 115-16, 166-7, 175-6
Simmons, L. 155, 170-1
simulacrum 1 60-1 , 180
simulation 205-6
simultaneous seeing 94
Situationists 1 36
Slater, D. 184
slow seeing 94
Smith, A.M. 264
Smith, F.J. Quick-to-See 346
Smith, L. 208, 209
Smith, W.E. 264—5
snapshots 98; photography and black life 387-94
Snyder, J. 2 1 9
Snyder, R. 295
social order 257-60
social transformation 83, 186
Socialist Realism 245, 248
Solomon-Godeau, A. 83, 430; art photography and postmodernism 149, 152-63
Sontag, S. 4, 13, 14,111,210,252, 253, 309, 355, 358; fighting against boredom 369; photography within the humanities 16, 59-66; war photographs 211-12
sound: of the camera 24; sound film 43
Soviet constructivism 5
Soviet photography 245
space 88, 95, 127, 310-11; geometry of classical space 207-8
Spanish Civil War soldier 79
spectacle 1 3 6
spectator 21-2, 26; academic spectator 369-71
spectrum 21
Spence, J. 414; photo-therapy 378, 402-9, 412
Stalin, J. 189
Stalinism 245
stamping 42
state 254, 257-60
states, processes and events 77-9
Steichen, E. 156, 157,411,436
Stieglitz, A. 72, 73, 158, 331, 411,
424; Purism 175; Strand 155-6
stockmarket crash 192
Stoney Indians 348, 350
Strand, P. 155-6, 158-9, 225,436, 437
strategies 275, 281-3
stroboscopy 140
structural rule 24—5
structuralism 166-7
structure of feeling 5
Stryker, R. 267
student movement 127
studium 25-6
subject matter 107-8
subjectivity 449
subjects 279-80; non-Western subject’s gaze 358-62; relationship with photographers 285-6
sublimated technique 93
surgeons 49
surrealist sensibility 65
surrogates 170-1
surveillance 279
Switzerland 40
symbolic message 115-16, 116-17, 121–4
symbolic order 132
symptomatic interpretation 4
Szarkowski, J. 73, 157, 269,270,423, 424; introduction to catalogue for Photographer’s Eye exhibition 84, 97-103
T
tabloid press 254-5, 291-308
Taft, R. 294, 295
Tagg, J. 185,192,208,220,357,359, 360; circulation and currency 418; half-tone plates 221; photographic records 223, 252-3, 254, 257-60
Talbot, W. Fox 235, 257, 334
Tansey, M. 170
taste 432-3
Tate Modern 150
taxonomic orders 446
technical codes 110, 111
techno-fetishistic approach 218
technology 98, 193; chemical 221; development of mechanical reproduction 42-3; digital 205-6, 223-6; photographer’s mastery of 107; photography as 55-6; 3-D computer graphics 246-8; wave of innovation in 1880s 157-8
television 181, 439-40
Ten.8 magazine 8, 254
Terminator 2 246, 24 7
territories of the self 276
text 4 7, 77-8; captions contradicting the image 162; tabloid press 302-4
theatre of the self 406-8
theory 6; art, education and photography 420,435-42
therapy 378, 402-9
Thomas, L. 363
Thompson, F. 267
Thoreau, H. 69
3-D computer graphics 246-8
Tiananmen Square massacre 303-4
Tice, G. 153
time 101-2, 140-1; colonialism and 345-6; intersubjective 346; photography, film and 16-17, 76-80
totality 185
tourism 311
trace 235, 236
transformational objects 211-15
transitional objects 408
U
unique being, impossible science of 29-30, 34
University of New Mexico (UNM) exhibition 228, 234-6
unmasking 171-2
V
Vachon, J. 70
Valery, P. 27, 43
Van der Zee, J. 78-9
vantage point 102-3
Velasquez, D. 170
Venezuela 320, 355, 356
verb-forms 77-8
Vermeer, J., View ef Delft 15 3
victims: and killers in Detective 38-9;
napalm victims 62-3
Viennese school 44-5
Vietnam War 62-3, 211-12, 288, 364
viewer’s/reader’s gaze 355, 356, 357-8
violence 254, 288-90
Virilio, P. 439
virtual realities 224
visual cultural studies 7
voyeurism 330-1, 333, 335-6, 359
Vroman, A.C. 265
Vroman, E. 347
W
Walker, J.A. 418
Walkerdine, V. 209
Wall, J. 155
walls of images 392, 393-4
war photographs 211-12, 254, 288-90
Warhol, A. 155, 159, 177,410, 425
Warsaw 418
Watkins, V. 387-8, 391
Watney, S. 418-19
Watts, A. 20
websites 433
weekly supplements 296
Wegman, W. 155, 175
Wellings, J. 155, 172-3
Wells, L. 8; reviewing 419-20, 428-34
Wentzel, V.K. 366
Werfel, F. 48
Wessing, K. 24-5
Western gaze, direct 362-5
Weston, C. 153
Weston, E. 65, 72, 157, 225, 315, 325, 428, 436, 437; expression in photography 84, 104-8; McGrath’s analysis of Weston’s work 324, 327-37; Torso of Neil 147, 152-3, 172
wet plate process 98
White, C. 157
white photographers: and the black body 383-6
Whitman, W. 70
Whyte Museum, Banff 345, 348
Wickhoff, 44-5
Wilde, 0. 64
Wilkins, R. 389-90
Williams, A. 324-5
Williams, R. 5, 435
Wilson, C. 328
Winnicott, D.W. 402
Winningham, G. 266
Winogrand, G. 269-70
Winter Garden Photograph 28-30, 33—4,40, 213-14
within-frame gaze 361
Wolf, E. 365
Wollen, P. 138,141,437, 440-1; film and photography 16-17, 76-80
women, love of 334
Women’s Art (UK) 419
wood engravings 292
woodcutting 42
words 428-9; see also text
working class 186, 193
World 293—4
World War I 35, 447-8
World War II 35, 100, 189,448
XYZ
zone system 437