Wells, Liz, Reader

A

abstract seeing 93

academic spectator 369-71

access, consent and 254, 275-87

Adams, A. 176, 229, 231-2

Adamson, R. 158

Adas, M. 367

Adobe Photoshop 225

advertisements 109, 160-1, 210-11, 245, 311-12; rhetoric of the image 114—-25

aesthetic moment 211-15, 267-8

affectivity 211-15

Africa 313, 314

Agee,J. 268-9

agency, abandonment of 186

agony, photographs of 254, 288-90

Alexander, V. 155, 160, 161-2, 163, 182

Alinder, M.S. 232

Allen, N.W. 219

Allende, S. 315,319

Alloula, M. 370

Alloway, L. 102

Altamira 67-8

‘altars’ 393

Altman, R. 222

Alvarado, M. 364

American life 175-6

America Online 230

American Civil War 70, 100

Amos, E. 394

anamnesis 27-8

anchorage 117-18

Andrew, D. 6-7

Anglo-American formalism 83

anonymity of photographer 71—4

appropriation 152-5, 171-3

Arbeiter Fotographen 191

Arbus, D. 264, 270, 437

architecture 1 65

archives: digital 229-34; industrial environment 420, 443-52

Arnheim, R. 219

Arnoux, A. 48

arrangement 5, 172

arresting images 289

art 70-1, 89; conceptual art 437; institutions 419, 422-7; mechanical reproduction and 15, 42-52; photographs as art or technology 55-7; photographs of an industrial environment 448-50; photography as meta-art 60; photography as new instrument of vision 94—-5; postmodernism in 166-70, 177-8, 188-9; revolutionary art 56-7, 82-3; science vs 50-1, 224—-5, 450; theory, photography and 420, 435—42

art photography 32, 77-8, 103, 173; development of 436-7; nature and self 411; and postmodernism 149, 152-63; and reality 315-16

artists: role 37; and use of photography 159-60, 175

Asia 313

aspect 77-9, 80

Assagioli, R. 408

Atget, E. 47, 56, 71

Atkins, A. 200, 234–5, 236

Aumont, J. 1 2

aura 44, 45, 56, 143, 440

authentication 34–6

authenticity 43-4

author 154–5; death of the author 110-11

avant-gardism 381-2

Avedon, R. 62-3

Avgikos, J. 325, 338-42

B

back/front distinction 278

Bacon, F. 102, 207

Bailey, D.A. 377, 380-6

Bakhtin, M.M. 184

Bakhtin School 184

Baldessari, J. 155, 159

Baldwin, J. 402

Baldwin, M. 187

Balla, G. 101

Banff 348

Barbie, K. 38

Barthes, R. 4, 76, 110, 132, 221-2, 224, 309, 344, 435, 447; extracts from Camera Lucido 14–15, 19-30; photography and death 23-4, 31-2, 78-9, 140; power of affect 212; punctum 25-6, 33-4, 143,213, 399; reading a photograph 357; realism 219-20; rhetoric of the image 111, 114–25; text and image 303; Winter Garden Photograph 28-30, 33-4, 40, 213-14

Bataille, G. 341

Batchen, G. 200, 228-39

Bate, D. 420, 435-42

Baudelaire, C.P. 55, 97

Baudrillard, J. 14, 148-9, 160-1, 164, 176, 181, 187-8

Bauhaus 5

Bayard, H. 56

Baynes, K. 294

Bazin, A. 110

Beato, F. 423

Beaton, C. 327

Beauborg Centre 187-8

beauty, cult of 45-6

Beaver family photograph 343-53

Becher, B. 154, 155, 175

Becher, H. 154, 155, 175

Becker, K. 254–5, 296, 301

being-there 120-1

belief 144

Bellour, R. 145

Benedek, Y.E. 267

Benjamin, W. 4, 82, 157, 191,199,297, 432, 443; aura 44, 45, 56, 143, 440; historical materialism 451; optical unconscious 13; pictorial reproduction and speech 222; and political economy of the photograph 1 5-16, 5 3-8; work of art in an age of mechanical reproduction 15, 42-52, 229

Benetton 203

Berger, J. 2, 14, 254, 288-90, 324

Bettman Archive 229

Biggs, S. 218

Bisson Freres 423

‘biographemes’ 26

Black Elk 349

black life, photography and 377, 387-94

black photography movement 377, 380-6

black-and-white photography 92-3

Bollas, C. 212,213,214

Boltanski, C. 10-11, 15, 31-41; Detective 38-9

Bolton, R. 16

bombs 288

Bonitzer, P. 142

Boulogne, G.D. de 423

Bourdieu, P. 139, 376

Bowery, New York 261, 262-3

Bowles, P. 310

Brady, M. 70, 100

Brassai: 66, 270

Brazil 319

Brecht, B. 5, 443

Brik, 0. 83, 90-1

Brooks, E. 171

Brown, J. 292

Brown, T. 165

Brugiere, F. 411

Buckland, G. 327

Buck-Morss, S. 222

Burgin, V. 6, 155, 191, 207, 208, 297, 324; end of art theory 438; structure of representation 112, 130-7

Burgin school 190-1

Burke, . 381

Burnett, D. 266-7

Burro”·s, L. 264

C

Calilia. P. 3+0

camera 12: ambivalence about 54–5; gaze into 35 -61: in National Ge09raphic photographs 36,-9: and self-knowledge 365: sound of 24

camera obscura 54, 88, 133

cameraman film 48-9

Camerawork 8

Cameron, A 205

Cameron. J .. L 12, 15 , 209

Camplis. F.X. 3_0

candid photographs 300, 301, 303

Capa. R. 79,100,128,264,423

Cape Breton area 420, 443-52

capitalism 54, 192-3

captions see text

Carjat, 423

Carpentier, A. 317-18

Carroll, L. 158, 209

Cartesian dualism 207

Cartier-Bresson, H. 64, 102, 253, 270, 315,423,437

Caseberc, J. 155

Casement, P. 406

Cassell, J. 266

castration 141-2, 144, 209-10, 331-3

caves 67-8

celebrities 299-300

censorship 230

Central America 255, 309-22

Cezanne, P. 166

Charnay, D. 423

charity 262

Charlesworth, S. 155

Chases, Lycee 3 3, 3 9

Chavez, C. 263

chemical process 221

childhood, memories of 37-8, 377, 395—401

children 280, 320

Childs, L. 165

Chile 315

China 65

cinema 241-2; see also film

civil rights activism 389-90

Cixous, H. 341

Clark, L. 264, 266

class 360; working class 186, 193

classical space 207-8

classification 19-21

Coburn, A.L. 158,411

Cocteau, J. 334

coded iconic message 115-16, 116-1 7

code 35-6. 110,111, 131; see also semiotics

codification 110

Coleman, A.D. 432

collections 5; in art institutions 419, 422-7; see also archives

Collier’s Weekly 293

Collins, J. 325, 354-74

colonialism 346, 352; see also decolonization

colour 93

Communards 22

composition 107-8, 135-6

Compuserve 230

computer games 241

Comrie, B. 77, 79

conceptual art 437

concern, awakening 289-90

connoisseurship 4 3 2

connotators 123

connoted image 115-16, 116-17, 121—4

consciousness 1 20

consent, access and 254, 275-87

constructivism 5

consumption 89

contact printing 3 34

contagion 340

contexts 5, 276; cultural context 403-5; photographs and film 65-6; reviewing photography and 429-30

contradictions 55

Cookman, C. 294

Copernicus, . 167

copy-original relationship 242-3

Corbis Corporation 229-33

Cory, K. 347

Coward, R. 330

Cowin, E. 170

Crane, S. 70

Crazy Horse 34 7

credibility 269

criminals 38-9

Crimp, D. 153—4, 166, 177, 182; ambiguous position of photography in art institutions 419, 422-7

criticism 2-4, 71; reviewing photography

419-20,428-34

Cruise, T. 203-4

Cuba 313,315,319

cult value 45-6, 46-7, 440

cultural codes 35-6, 111

cultural message 115-16, 116-17, 121-4

cultural studies 3 81-2

Cumming, R. 175

Cunningham, M. 165

Curtis, E. 265, 345-6, 34 7

Cushman, D. 362

D

daguerrotypes 54, 69, 88, 89, 97-8,

334, 335

Daily Express 294

Daily Graphic 294, 295

Daily Mirror 294

Damisch, H. 84, 87-9

dance 165-6

data 233-4; see also information

Davidson, B. 264

Davis, D. 424

De Beauvoir, S. 328

death 40; ‘altars’ in black homes 393; of the author 110-11; Barthes on photography and death 23-4, 31-2, 78-9, 140; photography and fetishism 140-3

Debord, G. 160

deception 88

decisive moment 102, 204, 253

decolonization 364—5, 392

deconstruction 1 66

Deitch, J. 192

Demachy, R. 158

denoted image 116-17, 119-21, 123-4

depth model 184—5

Derrida, J. 148, 166, 167-8, 236

Desnoes, E. 255, 309-22

detail 26, 36-7, 100

Devereux, G. 355

Dews, P. 181

diachronic orders 446

diamonds 320, 355, 356

Dibbets, J. 155

differance 232

difference 185-6

digital iconoclasm 203-6

digital photography 197-249; dialectial approach to analysis of impact 199-200 218-27; and history of photograph, 200, 228-39; paradoxes of 200, 240-9: photography and realism 199, 202-17, 219-20

digitisation 223-6

Dijon junior high school 39-40

direct Western gaze 362-5

Disdcri, A. 426

dissociation 63-4

distancing 363-4

distorted seeing 94

documentary 77-8, 223, 252-4; access and consent in public photography 254, 275-87; black photographers 380-1, 382; digitisation 224—5; government records 254, 257-60; power relations 254, 261-74

doll-house images 170-1

dominant culture 403-5

Dominion Steel and Coal Company 445

Dormeuil advertisement 109

drawing 119-20

dreams 28

Druckrey, T. 205-6

dry plate 98

duality 24—5

Du Camp, M. 422, 423

Dubois, P. 140-1

Duchamp, M. 101

Duncan, D.D. 264

Dworkin, A. 339

Dyer, C.S. 294

Dzu men 369

E

Eagleton, T. 3, 167-8, 183, 189, 190, 191

Eastman 13

Eco, U. 13-14, 110,312; symbolic power of the image 111, 126-9

Edelman, B. 56-7, 444

Edelson, M.B. 340

Edgerton, H.E. 101

education 420, 435-42

Edwards, S. 150, 180-95

elaboration 284

Eleta, S. 317

Elizabeth II, Queen 203

Ellis, J. 222

emancipation 189-90

Emery, E. 294, 295

emotions 21-22

Empire Strikes Back, The 391

empowerment 3, 391, 392

Engels, F. 53-4

engraving 42

Enlightenrnent 189-90

entry 281

epoch-making photograp128

equal access 389-90

Erwitt, E. 266

essentialism 383–4

etching 42

ethnography 36-7

Euclidean geometry 208

Eugene, F. 158

Evans, H. 202

Evans, W. 70, 71, 154, 159,264,269, 437; Let Us Now Praise Famous Men 268-9; signs 175-6

Evening Graphic 294

events, processes and states 77-9

evidence 223, 224, 395; government photographic records 254, 257-60

exact seeing 94

exchange value 84

exhibition value 46-7

exhibitions 429

experience, photographer’s 107

eye, human 90-1

F

f/64 333–4

Fabian, J. 344, 349

face, human 4 7

familiarity 278

family 32; Cowin’s docudramas 170; gazes and power 402-3

family album 399–400, 405-6

family photographs 377-8, 405, 450-1; conflicting memories 377, 395–401; photography and black life 377, 387-94

family photography industry 401

Fani-Kayode, R. 383, 384—6

Farm Security Administration (FSA) 70

Farm Workers’ Organizing Committee 263

fashion photographs 161-2, 31 2-1 3

Fellini, F. 300

female sexuality 325, 338–42, 415

feminism 149, 161, 324, 327; discourse opposing patriarchy 335-6; self-portrait and self-image 414-16

feminist criticism 432

fetishism 15, 209, 341; photography as art 56, 57; photography and fetish 112, 138-45; voyeurism and 331, 333, 335-6

fiction 79

film 44, 130, 136; art and 47-51; differences between film and photography 138-40; digital photography and 241-8; fetishism 141-5; impact compared with still photographs 65-6; time, film and photography 16-17, 76-80

filter-photography 94

First World War 35, 447-8

fitting in (by photographer) 280, 281

Flaherty, R. 265

focus 208

food 312

forgetting 141

formalism 175

Foucault, M. 4, 149, 224, 254,259,402, 419; positivism 208-9

found images 162

founding 42

frame 100-1, 133, 304; out-of-frame gaze 361; within-frame gaze 361

Frampton, H. 334

Francis, A. 381

Frank, R. 159, 176, 269-70

Frank, W. 331-2

Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper 292

Frankfurt School 1 5

Freud, S. 50, 141, 142, 144, 324, 334, 377

Freund, G. 12, 252, 300

Friedlander, L. 134, 135-6, 176, 177, 269,270,414

Frith, F. 422,423

front/back distinction 278

Fuller, L. 165

functions 26

G

galloping horse 102

Gance, A. 44, 48

Gardner, A. 423

Gasparini, P. 3 2 0-1

Gates, B. 229-30, 231, 232-3

gaze 323-74; gazes and identity 402-3; intersection of gazes 325, 354-74; photograph of Native American family 325, 343-53; re-reading Weston 324, 327-37; Sherman’s photography 325, 338-42

Geary, C.M. 355

gentleness 29, 34

geometry of classical space 207-8

Gerome, J.L. 426

gestalt 406

Gilbert & George 155

Gilpin, L. 347

Gitlin, T. 369

global capitalism 192-3

God Uehovah) 68

Godard, J.-L. 443

Goffman, E. 276,278,282,362

Gombrich, E.H. 55

Gorin, J.-P. 443

Grady, D. 347

Graham, D. 155

Graham, M. 165

Graham-Brown, S. 367

Gramsci, A. 381

Granma 315

Graves, M. 165

Greater London Council (GLC) 381

Green, D. 223

Greenberg, C. 188

Gregory,]. 375

Greimas, A.J. 122

Grierson, J. 252

groups of photographers 278-9

Grundberg, A. 150, 164-79

Guevara, Che 128

Guillen, N. 319

Gulf War 14

gunman, Milanese 127-8

Guttman, M. 192

H

Haaften, J. van 422-3

Habermas, J. 189

Hackney Flashers 412

half-tone plates 221

Hall, S. 252, 302, 376; black photography movement 377, 380-6

Hanffstengel, R. von 317

Haraway, D. 209, 215, 366

Hare, J. 293

Harri , N. 192-3

Hartmann, S. 157

Harvey, S. 252

Hassner, R. 292

Hauserman, N. 294

having-been-there 120-1

Hawthorne, . 97-8, 99

Haxton, D. 175

Hayward, D. 224

Hearst, W.R. 293

Heartfield, J. 188, 191

Heinecken, R. 173, 174

Henderson, L. 254, 275-87

Henneberg, H. 158

hero, lone 127-8

hieroglyphs 48

Hill, D.O. 158

Hine, L. 262, 265, 423

history 3-4, 27-8, 44; industrial photographs and 44 7-8; of photography and the digital era 200, 228-39

Hitler, A. 189

Hjelmslev, L. 138

Hard af Segerstad, T. 295

Hackney, D. 175

Hoffman, D. 203-4

home: photographs of celebrities at 299-300

homosexuality 407, 408

honour 334

hooks, b. 377, 387-94

horse, galloping 102

Hughes, J. 264

human eye 90-1

human face 4 7

humanities, photography within 59-66

Hustler 317

I

iconic messages 115-17

iconoclasm, digital 203-6

identification (i.d.) portrait 299, 302

identity 375-416; Barthes 37-8; black photography movement 377, 380-6; family photographs and conflicting memories 377, 395-401; national identity 366-7; photography and black life 377, 387-94; photo-therapy 378, 402-9; plural identities 382-3; self-portraiture 378, 410-16

ideology 122-3, 132-3; art photography and postmodernism 160-3

Illustrated London News 292

image fatigue 254

images: in digital culture 199-200, 218-27; and identity see identity; nature of the photographic image 106; phenomenology of 84, 87-9; proliferation of 16, 60, 67-75; recording 106-7; relationship between original and copy 242-3; rhetoric of the image 111, 114–25; self-image 414–16

imitation of life 69

impossible science of the unique being 29-30, 34

indexicality 139, 219-20

Indians, Native 325, 343-53

inductivism 207

industrial environment 420, 443-52

Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) 24 7

industrialisation of photography 157-8

information 64; in traditional and digital

images 243-4; see also data

informed consent 285

inherent mutability 244–5

inscribing 87

Institute of Design, Chicago 175

institutions 5, 417-52; ambiguous position of photography 419, 422-7; archives 420, 443-52; art, education and photography 420, 435-42; reviewing photography 419-20, 428-34

integration, racial 389-90

intensified seeing 94

intention 26

interchangeability of human beings 40-1

internalized oppression 407

Internet 229-30

intersubjective time 346

inurement 63, 254

inventory 37

Iran 314

Irigaray, L. 149

Isherwood, C. 61

Italianicity 115, 122

Ivins, W.M. 99-100, 102

J

Jameson, F. 149, 169, 184, 370

Japanese prints 101

Jarche, J. 134-5

Jay, B. 253,431

Jehovah (God) 68

Jencks, C. 165

Jetee, La 79

Jews 33, 35, 40

Johanesson, L. 292

Johns, J. 177

Jordanova, L. 207

Journal 293

journalistic style 282; see also photojournalism

Judson Dance Theater, New York City 165

Jurassic Park 246, 24 7, 248

K

Kael, P. 71

Kasebier, G. 34 7

Keith, T. 158

Kelly, A. 378, 410-16

Kelly, M. 429,441

Kember, S. 199, 202-17

Kertesz, A. 270

killers 38-9

kindness 29

Kipling, R. 351-2

King, M.L. 364

Klein, W. 26

knowledge, photographer’s 107

Kobre, K. 295

Kodak 13,405,436

Kolbowski, S. 155, 160, 161, 163, 182

Kolwezi 314

Kosloff, M. 14

Kosuth, J. 155

Krauss, R. 169, 182

Kristeva, J. 149

Kruger, B. 155, 160, 162, 163, 182, 336

Kuhn, A. 377, 395-401

Kuhn, H. 158

L

Lacan, J. 4, 133-4, 144, 377-8

Lama, L. 127

Lange, D. 70, 264, 267, 268

Langford, M. 437

language 12, 110, 115, 130-1; arbitrary nature of 183-4; natural and visual 131; sexual 330-1

Latin America 255, 309-22

Lawler, L. 172

Lawson, T. 169-70

Lee, R. 70, 264

LeSecq, H. 423

Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper 292

Lessing, D. 411

Lesy, M. 72

Let Us Now Praise Famous Men 268-9

Levine, L.W. 358

Levine, S. 147, 152-5, 160, 163, 172, 182

Levi-Strauss, C. 111 12, 145, 352

lexicons 121-2

lexis 138

liberal documentary 263–4

libraries 422-7

Lichtenstein, R. 177

Life 314

light and shadow 92-3

linguistic message 115, 116-17, 117-19

Linker, K. 160-1

Lippard, L.R. 325, 327, 343-53, 413

Lissitzky, E. 81

Lister, M. 199-200, 218-27

literal message 116-17, 119-21, 123–4

literature 71

lithography 42-3

Live Picture 244

living qualities 5 3–4

Local Government Act Section 28 408

local state 258-60

Lomax, Y. 183

lone hero 127-8

looking 134–6; see also gaze, seeing

lossy compression 243

loved ones, photographs of 141 ; Winter Garden Photograph 28-30, 33–4, 40, 213-14; see also family photographs

Lumieres Brothers 13, 78, 24 7

Lutz, C. 325, 354–74

Lycee Chases 33, 39

Lyon, D. 264

Lyotard, J.F. 177, 180-1, 185, 189

M

Maca Indians 367-9

MacCannell, D. 349

Madden, R. 356

Maddow, B. 334

magazine’s gaze 357

magicians 49

Magritte, R. 429

Maine, wreck of the 293, 294

MAKE 419

Malcolm X 364

Maligne Lake 350

Manet, E. 188,426; Olympia 153

manipulation, digital 203-6

Mannoni, 0. 144

Manovich, L. 200, 240-9

Yiapplethorpe, R. 182, 383-6

Maguet, J. 363

Marcos, F. 361

Marcos, I. 361

Marcus, G.E. 362

Marcuse, H. 82-3

Marey, E. 423

Marker, C. 79

Marsh, G. 40

Marti, J. 316

Martin, R. 378, 402-9

Marx, K. 53–4, 57,319,321

Marxism 15, 328

mass art 297

mass audience 49-50

Matador 244

materialism 13 9–40, 1 9 3–4

Mazzatenta, O.L. 367-9

McCullin, D. 264, 288, 289

McGrane, B. 367

McGrath, R. 223; analysis of Weston’s work 324, 327-37

meaning 110, 114, 13 2; archives and 444–5; how an image generates meaning 220-3; play of meaning 148; poststructuralism 167-8

Means, R. 34 7

mechanical reproduction 15, 42-52, 229

media 168

medical dummies 338–41

Medusa 335

Meese Commission report 339

Meiselas, S. 264, 314–15

memory 2,141,394; of childhood 37-8, 377, 395–401; family photographs and conflicting memories 377, 395–401

Mendieta, M. 340

Messager, A. 38

messages 111, 114–25

Metken, G. 39

metonymy 123

Metz, C. 358,359,361; photography and fetish 112, 138–45

Mexico 68,319

Meyer, P. 251,252,317

Microsoft 229, 230

Midsummer Night’s Dream, A 48

Mies van der Rohe, L. 165

Milanese gunman 127-8

military 3 19

Miller, A. 403, 407

mimesis 340

Minamata 65, 264

mirror 365-7

mirror-stage of child development 133–4

Mitchell, W.J.T. 198,205,206; Benjamin and the political economy of the photograph 15-16, 53-8; digital imaging 225-6, 242-5

model releases 285

modernism 83–4, 327; art institutions 423-6; multiplicity in 188-90; in photography 173-7; see also postrnodernism

Moholy-Nagy, L. 82, 175; new instrument of vision 83, 92-6

Momaday, N.S. 344

moral issues 62-3

Morris, W. 15, 67-75

Morrison, T. 393

Morse, S. 54

mourning 27, 28, 141

‘movement, the’ 127

mudmen of New Guinea 265

multimedia 226

Mulvey, L. 324, 335, 363–4

Murray, E. 426

Murrow, E.R. 263

Musee de l’Homme 36-7

Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) (New York) 83, 84, 150,155,424,430

museums 422-7

mutability, inherent 244-5

mutilation 341

Muybridge, E. 102,423

myths 145

N

Nachman, J. 270-1
Naclar, F. 26, 29, 56,249,423
naming 318-19
napalm victims 62-3
narrative 76-7, 78, 79-80, 100

Nasmyth, J. 197

National Geographic: intersection of gazes in photographs 325, 354–74; pyramids photograph 204–5

national identity 366-7
native peoples 265 6; Canadian Indians 325, 343-53
nature 207
Neruda, P. 116
Neuro Linguistic Programming 406

New Guinea, mudmen of 265

New Mexico, University of 228, 234-6

New York (magazine) 312

New York Daily News 294, 295

New York Public Library +22-3

New York Times Midweek Pictorial 296

Newhall, B. 164

Newhall, N. 328

news events 301-2

news photographs 77-8

newspapers 254-5, 291-308

Newsweek 203–4, 314

Next Directory 150, 18 l

Nicaragua 314-15

Niepce, J.N. 89, 133

Noland, K. 166

non-coded iconic message 116-1 7

non-Westerner’s gaze 358-62

normal appearances 276-7

O

objectivity 88

Oedipus myth 145

off-frame space 141-3

official identification (i.d.) photograph 299, 302

O’Keefe, G. 73

Oldham, S. 392, 393

open settings 282-3

operator 21-2, 26

oppression, internalized 407

optical quality 92-3

ordering schemes 446

ordinary objects 64-5

ordinary people 298-9, 302, 302-3

original-copy relationship 242-3

originality, loss of 198-9

O’Sullivan, T. 423

Other, refracted gaze of 365-9

out-of-frame gaze 361

Owen, B. 266

ownership 2 3

P

painters 49, 102, 177; use of photography 159-60; see also artists painting 47, 94-5, 130, 440-l; mass audience and 49-50; photo-painting 104-5, 107; realism 12; see also art

panopticon 208

Panzani advertisement 115-24

Papageorge, T. 157, 159

paparazzi 300

particles 1 06

pastiche 169

Paxton, S. 165

Peche Merle 67-8

penetration 330-1, 333

penetrative seeing 94

penis 142

Penn, I. 265, 423

perception 44–5

Perec, G. 35, 38

performance photographs 300

performers 280

periodical press 292-3

Perloff, M. 15, 31–41

Pfahl, J. 176

phallus 144

phenomenology of the image 84, 87-9

Phillips, A. 209, 210

philistines 56

photo-chemical technology 221

photograms 92, 93, 234–6

photographers: anonymity 71–4; attitudes and moral approaches 61-3; fitting in 280, 281; groups of 278-9; relationship to subjects 285-6; strategies 275, 281-3; as subjects in exclusive news reports 303–4; technical skill and knowledge 107

photographer’s gaze 355, 356

photographic codes 110

photographic magazines 405

photography theory see theory

photojournalism 254–5; images of Central America 255, 309-22; photographs of agony 254, 288-90; and the tabloid press 254–5, 291-308

photo-painters 105-6, I 07

photorealism 246-8

Photo-Secession 15 8

photo-therapy 378, 402-9

pictorialist photography 12, 8 2, 1 5 6-8

picture magazines 296-7

picture press 292-3

Pierce, C.S. 110, 139, 166

pixels 243–4

Plato 13

Pleynet, M. 55

plural identities 382-3

pluralism 166, 168, 185-6

point-of-view 133

PolicinB the Crisis 3 81

political economy of the photograph 15-16, 53-8

politics 46-7

Pollock, J. 171-2, 188

polysemy 117-19

pop art 436, 449

Popper, K. 192

popular culture 436

pornography 338–42

Porter, E. 154

portraits 22–4, 139; identification (i.d.) portraits 299, 302; self-portraits 376, 410-16

posing 22–4, 78

positivism 208-9, 215,447

postmodernism 147-95; in art 166-7, 177-8, 188-9; art institutions 424–6; art photography and 149, 152-63; examining the assumptions of 150, 180-95; meaning of 150, 164–79

poststructuralism 167-8, 382

power: archives and 446-7; empowerment 3, 391, 392; family photographs and 398-9; of the state and photographic records 259-60; travel and 352; Weston 334

practices 21-2

pre-industrial photography 56, 57

presence 27-30, 31, 33–4

Prince, R. 155, 160-1, 163, 171-2, 182

printing 42; Weston 333–4

privacy 74, 285-6, 441

processes, states and events 77-9

Proust, M. 29, 33

psychoanalysis 50, 377; fetishism 144–5, 209-10; re-reading Weston 328-33

psychodrama 406

psychosynthesis 406, 408-9

psychotherapy 378, 402-9

public debate 3

public photography 254, 275-87

Pulitzer, J. 293

punctum 25-6, 33–4, 143,213,399

Puranen, J. 417,418

Purism 175

Puyo, C. 158

pyramids 204–5

Q

quality,o ptical 92-3

Queir6s, A. de 317

Quicktime technology 241

R

Rabinow, P. 370

Radio Alice 126, 129

Radway, J. 358

Rain Man 203-4

Rainer, Y. 165

Ranke, L. von 447

rapid seeing 94

rationality 189

Rauschenberg, R. 159, 169, 175, 177, 425

reader’s/viewer’s gaze 355, 356, 357-8

reading a photograph 71

realism/reality 88,310,408: anti-realism of black photography movement 381-2; digital images and 246-8; and imitation 68-9; loss of the real 199; Marx 53-4; in painting 12; photography and 99-100, 199, 202-17, 219-20, 296

rebellion 24-5, 311-12, 314–15, 319

recognition 28

recording 87; nature of process 105

Reed, R.W. 347

referent, photographic 35-6

refusal 154

Reinhardt, M. 48

Rejlander, 0. 100

relay 118-1 9

religion 3 19

Rembrandt van Rijn 53-4, 410, 411

remedial work 283-4

Renard, D. 35

rephotography 171

reportage 224; see also photojournalism representation 149, 154,180,202,235, 376; black photography movement 383; photography theory 438-9; political struggle in black life 389-91; Saussurian linguistics 183-4; structure of 112, 130-7

reproduction 93; electronic 231; mechanical 15, 42-52, 229

resistance: to being photographed 283-4; postmodernism and 190

reviewing 419-20, 428-34

revolution 127-8, 311-12, 314–15, 319

revolutionary art 56-7, 82-3

revolutionary leaders 53-4

rhetoric 123

Riding, L. 71

Riis, J. 261-2, 265,423

Rilke, R.M. 74

Ritchin, F. 202-3, 203-4, 207, 210-1 i. 212-13, 215,225

ritual 45-6, 141

Robins, K. 206, 218-19

Robinson, H.P. 12, 100

Robinson, W. 169

Rodchenko, A. 90, 188, 191

Rogoff, I. 7

romanticism 448-9

Rome, University of 127, 129

Ronell, A. 340

Rosler, M. 198,202,205; documentary 254, 261-74

Rouille, A. 187

Ruscha, E. 155,175,425,426

S

Salzmann, A. 423

Samaras, L. 175

Saner, M. 262

Sartre, J.-P. 1-2, 13, 84

Sarup, M. 148

Saussure, F. de 110, 166, 183-4

Schaaf, L. 234–5

Schaffer, C. 351

Schaffer, M. 343-53

Schaik, C. van 72

Schiller, D. 296

Schmid, J. 111

Schneeman, C. 340

Schumann, R. 29

science 450; and art in digital photography 224–5; and art in film 50-1

Screen magazine 382

Second World War 35, 100, 189,448

security 279

seeing 60-1 , 81-1 08; eight varieties of photographic vision 93-4; expression and 84, 104–8; new instrument of vision 83, 92-6; phenomenology of the image 84, 87-9; photography and new kind of 64–5; recording what the eye does not see 83, 90-1; specificity of photography 84, 97-103

seesaws 36

segregation 389-91

Sekula, A. 208, 223, 235, 236, 300, 302, 305; reading of archives 420, 443-52;

science and art 224–5

self 22-3; territories of the self 276; theatre of the self 406-8

self-awareness 365-9

self-consciousness 1 70

self-expression 410-14

self-image 414—16

self-portraits 378, 410-16

semiotics 109–45; photography and fetish 112, 138–45; rhetoric of the image 111, 114—25; structure of representation 112, 1 30-7; symbolic power of the image 111, 126-9

sensationalism 293-5, 302

sensibility 7 3–4

Serge, V. 189

series 95

settings 278-9

sexual language 330-1

sexuality: and death 40; female 325, 338–42, 415; homosexuality 407, 408

shadow, light and 92-3

Shedden, L. 420,443-52

Sherman, C. 155,1 70,1 82-3,3 23; and feminism 325, 338–42

shocking images 63–4, 254, 288-90

SIGGRAPH 241-2

signification 6-7

signifieds 115-16, 122,167

signifiers 167

signs 115-16, 166-7, 175-6

Simmons, L. 155, 170-1

simulacrum 1 60-1 , 180

simulation 205-6

simultaneous seeing 94

Situationists 1 36

Slater, D. 184

slow seeing 94

Smith, A.M. 264

Smith, F.J. Quick-to-See 346

Smith, L. 208, 209

Smith, W.E. 264—5

snapshots 98; photography and black life 387-94

Snyder, J. 2 1 9

Snyder, R. 295

social order 257-60

social transformation 83, 186

Socialist Realism 245, 248

Solomon-Godeau, A. 83, 430; art photography and postmodernism 149, 152-63

Sontag, S. 4, 13, 14,111,210,252, 253, 309, 355, 358; fighting against boredom 369; photography within the humanities 16, 59-66; war photographs 211-12

sound: of the camera 24; sound film 43

Soviet constructivism 5

Soviet photography 245

space 88, 95, 127, 310-11; geometry of classical space 207-8

Spanish Civil War soldier 79

spectacle 1 3 6

spectator 21-2, 26; academic spectator 369-71

spectrum 21

Spence, J. 414; photo-therapy 378, 402-9, 412

Stalin, J. 189

Stalinism 245

stamping 42

state 254, 257-60

states, processes and events 77-9

Steichen, E. 156, 157,411,436

Stieglitz, A. 72, 73, 158, 331, 411,

424; Purism 175; Strand 155-6

stockmarket crash 192

Stoney Indians 348, 350

Strand, P. 155-6, 158-9, 225,436, 437

strategies 275, 281-3

stroboscopy 140

structural rule 24—5

structuralism 166-7

structure of feeling 5

Stryker, R. 267

student movement 127

studium 25-6

subject matter 107-8

subjectivity 449

subjects 279-80; non-Western subject’s gaze 358-62; relationship with photographers 285-6

sublimated technique 93

surgeons 49

surrealist sensibility 65

surrogates 170-1

surveillance 279

Switzerland 40

symbolic message 115-16, 116-17, 121–4

symbolic order 132

symptomatic interpretation 4

Szarkowski, J. 73, 157, 269,270,423, 424; introduction to catalogue for Photographer’s Eye exhibition 84, 97-103

T

tabloid press 254-5, 291-308

Taft, R. 294, 295

Tagg, J. 185,192,208,220,357,359, 360; circulation and currency 418; half-tone plates 221; photographic records 223, 252-3, 254, 257-60

Talbot, W. Fox 235, 257, 334

Tansey, M. 170

taste 432-3

Tate Modern 150

taxonomic orders 446

technical codes 110, 111

techno-fetishistic approach 218

technology 98, 193; chemical 221; development of mechanical reproduction 42-3; digital 205-6, 223-6; photographer’s mastery of 107; photography as 55-6; 3-D computer graphics 246-8; wave of innovation in 1880s 157-8

television 181, 439-40

Ten.8 magazine 8, 254

Terminator 2 246, 24 7

territories of the self 276

text 4 7, 77-8; captions contradicting the image 162; tabloid press 302-4

theatre of the self 406-8

theory 6; art, education and photography 420,435-42

therapy 378, 402-9

Thomas, L. 363

Thompson, F. 267

Thoreau, H. 69

3-D computer graphics 246-8

Tiananmen Square massacre 303-4

Tice, G. 153

time 101-2, 140-1; colonialism and 345-6; intersubjective 346; photography, film and 16-17, 76-80

totality 185

tourism 311

trace 235, 236

transformational objects 211-15

transitional objects 408

U

unique being, impossible science of 29-30, 34

University of New Mexico (UNM) exhibition 228, 234-6

unmasking 171-2

V

Vachon, J. 70

Valery, P. 27, 43

Van der Zee, J. 78-9

vantage point 102-3

Velasquez, D. 170

Venezuela 320, 355, 356

verb-forms 77-8

Vermeer, J., View ef Delft 15 3

victims: and killers in Detective 38-9;

napalm victims 62-3

Viennese school 44-5

Vietnam War 62-3, 211-12, 288, 364

viewer’s/reader’s gaze 355, 356, 357-8

violence 254, 288-90

Virilio, P. 439

virtual realities 224

visual cultural studies 7

voyeurism 330-1, 333, 335-6, 359

Vroman, A.C. 265

Vroman, E. 347

W

Walker, J.A. 418

Walkerdine, V. 209

Wall, J. 155

walls of images 392, 393-4

war photographs 211-12, 254, 288-90

Warhol, A. 155, 159, 177,410, 425

Warsaw 418

Watkins, V. 387-8, 391

Watney, S. 418-19

Watts, A. 20

websites 433

weekly supplements 296

Wegman, W. 155, 175

Wellings, J. 155, 172-3

Wells, L. 8; reviewing 419-20, 428-34

Wentzel, V.K. 366

Werfel, F. 48

Wessing, K. 24-5

Western gaze, direct 362-5

Weston, C. 153

Weston, E. 65, 72, 157, 225, 315, 325, 428, 436, 437; expression in photography 84, 104-8; McGrath’s analysis of Weston’s work 324, 327-37; Torso of Neil 147, 152-3, 172

wet plate process 98

White, C. 157

white photographers: and the black body 383-6

Whitman, W. 70

Whyte Museum, Banff 345, 348

Wickhoff, 44-5

Wilde, 0. 64

Wilkins, R. 389-90

Williams, A. 324-5

Williams, R. 5, 435

Wilson, C. 328

Winnicott, D.W. 402

Winningham, G. 266

Winogrand, G. 269-70

Winter Garden Photograph 28-30, 33—4,40, 213-14

within-frame gaze 361

Wolf, E. 365

Wollen, P. 138,141,437, 440-1; film and photography 16-17, 76-80

women, love of 334

Women’s Art (UK) 419

wood engravings 292

woodcutting 42

words 428-9; see also text

working class 186, 193

World 293—4

World War I 35, 447-8

World War II 35, 100, 189,448

XYZ

zone system 437