Basic critical theory for photographers
La Grange, A. (2005) Basic critical theory for photographers. Burlington, MA: Focal Press.
A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – XYZ
Quotes
text
Contents
John Berger, Ways of Seeing
John Szarkowski, The Photographer’s Eye
and Stephen Shore, The Nature of Photographs
Susan Sontag, On Photography
Roland Barthes, Camera Lucida
Martha Rosler, In, Around and Afterthoughts (On Documentary Photography)
Abigail Solomon-Godeau, Inside/Out
Clive Scott, The Spoken Image: Photography and Language
Andy Grundberg, The Crisis of the Real
Raghubir Singh, River of Colour
Bertrand Russell, Appearance and Reality
ltalo Calvino, The Adventures of a Photographer
Poems by Felix Morisseau-Leroy and George Szirtes
Robert Adams’, John Baldessari’s and Peter Godwin’s Analysis of Particular Photographs
Index A-C
A
Abbott, Berenice, 40, 51
Abraham Photo, 188
Abstract/expressionism/ist, 32, 39, 45, 46, 52, 53, 88, 126, 134, 143-145, 153
Acquire/sition, 10, 56, 60, 74, 182
Adam and Eve, 5
Adams, Ansel, 50, 69, 133, 155,230,245
Adams, Eddie, 142
Adams, Robert, 24, 193, 195, 196, 198
Adelman, Bob, 41
Advene, 79
Advenience, 79
Adventure, 79, 133, 172, 186
Advert/ise/ment/ising/ers (see publicity), 1, 4, 7, 10-13, 21, 31, 55, 75, 82, 101, 103, 109, 110, 115, 116, 121, 129, 144, 147, 152, 227, 228, 233, 234, 239, 243
Aesthetic, 16, 21, 49, 56, 64, 65, 71-73, 82, 100, 101, 117-119, 122,123,133,139, 142, 146, 159, 160, 161, 163, 165, 171, 228, 236, 237
Africa, 198, 246
Agee, James, 41, 118
Air, 97, 98, 121, 151, 176, 191
Akeret, Robert, U., 231, 233
Akerman, Chantal, 129, 130
Alaskan, 54
Alexander the Great, 165
Alien/ation/ate, 4, 30, 35, 39, 42, 51, 62, 78, 125, 129, 160, 162, 164,178,236, 245
Allegorical, 4, 138, 179, 236, 238, 246
Amateur/ism, 16, 30, 31, 34, 37, 54, 68, 71, 76, 77, 96, 139, 172,246
America/can/s, 27, 32, 34, 36, 37, 39–41, 48, 54, 56, 67-69, 98, 113, 115, 116, 118, 119, 122, 126, 129, 132, 153-155, 167, 182, 244,246
American Civil War, 32
American West, 40
Amnesty International, 120
Analogy/ical/ous, 42, 62, 64, 88, 93, 108, 110
Analyse/is, 11, 21, 22, 50, 79, 84, 93, 98, 104, 108, 110, 123, 129, 144, 155, 166, 193, 198, 233, 238
Angst, 160, 162, 236
Animation, 79
Anthropology/ical, 93, 94, 115, 116
Antonioni, 62, 63
Aperture, 28, 120, 179, 188
Appearance, 2, 3, 59-61, 67, 96, 126, 127, 129, 130, 169, 170, 177, 184, 198
Appropriation, appropriate, 13, 26, 39, 58, 77, 131, 141, 153, 154, 156, 157, 184,228, 236, 239
Arbus,D iane,v ii,3 1,3 5-39,4 9,5 6,6 8,1 03,1 09, 114,115,119, 123-126, 160, 189-192, 245
Architecture/ural, 149, 161
Ariadne, 89, 108
Aristotle, 160
Armero, 111
Art/istic/ist/less-history market, 1–4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16–19, 21, 26, 27, 31-37, 40, 43–45, 47, 48, 50-59, 64, 68, 69, 72-74, 78, 79, 81, 84, 85, 90, 91, 96, 99, 101, 106, 109, 115, 117-119, 121-123, 126, 135-139, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150-165, 186, 194-196, 208, 236-243, 245
Asia, 165, 246
Associated Press, 117
Assume/ption/s, 2, 21, 32, 44, 48, 51, 54, 58, 60, 84, 109, 134, 140, 150, 152, 174, 197
Atget, 32, 38, 40, 46, 54, 55, 78, 141, 164,243
Aurobindo, Sri, 159
Australia, 167
Authentic/ate/ation/ity, 49, 56, 73, 92, 93, 110, 116, 129, 134, 136, 138, 139, 141, 142, 144, 156, 234
Author/ship, 15, 42, 54, 55, 73, 105, 119, 125, 139, 151-153, 156,236,238
Avant-garde, 53, 135, 155, 236
Avedon, Richard, 38, 47, 50, 51, 54, 82, 91, 96, 98, 102, 103
B
Bacon, Francis (artist), 19, 28, 58
Bacon, Francis, 67
Baldessari, John, xvii, 193, 198, 217
Baldwin, Gordon, 228, 234
Balla, 18
Ballen, Roger, 103, 122-124
Baltz, Lewis, 68
Balzac, 60
Banal/ity, 6, 33, 46, 55, 57, 69, 73, 80, 83, 99, 100, 104, 126, 152, 193, 236
Barbey, Bruno, 206
Barnardo, Dr, 57
Barney, Tina, 109
Barrett, T., 234
Barthes, Roland, viii, 21, 76-112, 136, 137, 139, 147, 182-184, 191, 233-235
Bataille, George, 165
Baudelaire, 138, 140
Bauhaus, 44, 46
Beaton, Cecil, 38
Beauty/ful/fy, 2, 5, 8, 19, 21, 26, 34, 40, 42-49, 52, 55, 56, 63, 64, 67, 69, 70, 86, 108, 118,119,123,159,163,164,174,182, 183, 194, 195
Becher, Hilla and Bernd, 22, 68
Believe/able/ity, 2, 6, 17, 27, 37, 50, 51, 87, 90, 96, 97, 99, 109, 111, 116, 118, 121,124, 134, 140, 151, 157, 169, 171, 175, 183
Bellocq, 143, 147
Benetton, 13, 121
Bengal/is, 161, 162, 165
Benjamin, Walter, 42, 48, 56, 70, 126, 129, 130, 133-135, 139, 141, 142
Benson, Richard, 22
Bergamo, Marlene, 66
Bergen-Belsen, 33
Berger, John, viii, 1-14, 21, 48, 74, 75, 101, 123, 135, 136, 243
Bergman, Ingmar, 165
Berkeley, Bishop, 170, 171
Biafra, 33, 120
Bias, 37, 57,129,130
Biff, 220, 221
Billingham, Richard, 68, 109, 146, 166, 183, CS
Binary/ism, 125, 130
Bischof, Werner, 33, 166, 203
Black, 85, 160, 161,167,173, 175-177, 181, 183, 187, 227, 245
Black and white (see monochrome), 53, 159, 160, 173, 206, 226
Blake, William, 67
Blanchot, 97
Blind Field, 86, 106, 137, 142, 143, 189, 191
Blur/red, 18, 24, 37, 41, 57, 60, 65, 68, 74, 75, 82, 191, 229
Bohemian, 120, 123
Bolivian, 48
Bolton, Richard, 113
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 76
Boubat, Edouard, 133
Boucher, Pierre, 78
Bourgeois/ie, 38, 45, 82, 163, 215, 236
Bourke-White, Margaret, 166
Bourne, Samuel, 161
Bowery, the, 113, 114, 128, 131, 157
Brady, Mathew, 17, 32
Bragaglia, Anton and Arturo, 37, 68
Brandt, Bill, 38, 46, 52, 72, 73, 101, 109, 143, 147, 160, 164, 230, 245
Braquehais, 143, 147
Brassaii, 24, 32, 36, 38, 120, 123, 160
Brazil/ian, 167, 246
Brecht, Bertolt, 34, 157, 215
British, 161, 162
Bronzino, 6
Buddhist/s, 161, 241
Burgin, Victor, 134
Burnett, David, 116, 117, 121
Burri, Rene, 209, 210
Burrows, Larry, 115, 227
Buy/er, 7, 8, 9, 10, 83, 193, 212
C
Calcutta, 164, 165
California, 122, 212, 214, 245
Callahan, Harry, 50, 52
Calvino, Italio, ix, 99, 182, 184, 186
Cambodia/ian, 108, 165
Camera35, 115
Camera Lucida, 76, 97, 105, 136, 147, 191, 234
Camera obscura, 81, 97, 135
Cameron, Julia Margaret, 52, 56, 100, 109, 116, 147
Candid, 63, 146, 236
Capa, Cornell, 240
Capa, Robert, 17, 115,117,241
Capitalist/ism, 10, 65, 75, 167, 197, 241
Caption/s, 11, 43, 48, 141, 194, 228
Caravaggio, 236
Carel!, Ghitta, 38
Carroll, Lewis, 38, 109
Cartier-Bresson,H enri,1 9,3 8,4 6,4 9-53,5 6-57, 69-70, 72-73, 101, 120, 123, 134, 146, 159, 160, 166, 183-185, 204,238,241, 242, 244, 245
Casare, Bioy, 133
Catholicism, 89
Censor/ed/ship, 82, 243
Central American, 54
Chadwick, Helen, 110
Chagall, Marc, 159
Cham bi, Martin, IOI, 167
Chance, 27, 48, 53, 83, 104, 133, 138-140, 181
Charity, 3, 113
Chaudhuri, 166
Cherokee, 117
Children, 41, 57, 63, 71, 85, 89, 123, 145, 173, 182, 185, 188,212,233
Chile/an/s, 116, 122, 165
China/ese, 38, 49, 62-65, 74, 75, 165, 167, 246
Christian, 161
Christo, 58
Chromatic (also see colour), 162, 236
Cinema/tic, 60, 76, 90, 91, 93, 99, 129, 130, 165
Clark, Kenneth, 6, 12, 160
Clark, Larry, 115, 126-128
Class, 38, 39, 65, 68, 76, 113, 118, 161, 167, 233, 236
Cliche/d, 46, 63, 64, 197,237,241
Clifford, Charles, 83
Close up, 20, 77, 83
Coburn, Alvin Langdon, 52, 147
Code/s/d, en-, de-, un-, 60, 74, 85, 86, 93, 100, 110, 135-137, 141-143, 150, 160,234
Cole, Ernest, 109, 168
Coleman, A.D., 70, 121, 131
Colonise/ize/ation/ism, 125, 134, 237, 240
Colour/fol color (also see chromatic), 9, 22, 24, 53, 58, 63, 68, 71, 72, 91,120,121,123,127, 143, 146, 147, 149, 159-161, 163-167, 169,
170,173, 176 183,196, 226 229,233,234, 236, 237
Colouratura, 164
Commerce/ial/isation,4 ,1 1,4 7,5 8,1 15,1 98,2 42
Compose/ition, 8, 16, 23, 46, 47, 55, 56, 58, 70, 73, 83, I 04, 174, 240
Conceal/ed/s, 19, 83, 96,111,140,144,198
Concentration camp, 33, 66, 72
Conceptual art, 154
Concern/ed, 4,6 ,2 1,3 3,4 2,4 8,5 4,5 7,5 9,6 6,7 0, 91, 108, 114, 123, 126, 142, 146, 151, 156, 157, 198, 226, 239-241
Congo, 246
Conscience, 33, 34, 39, 66, 113, 114
Consume/r/ist/ism/ption, I, 7-9, 37, 49, 59, 60, 65, 74, 100, 116, 120, 131, 154, 237
Contemporary, 4, 9, 28, 40, 49, 53, 54, 56, 59, 66-68, 92, 115, 121, 124, 132, 146, 151, 157, 158, 161, 163, 164, 166, 228,237,240
Context/ual/ise de-, I, 4, 20, 22, 30, 32, 41, 44, 47, 48, 55, 65, 66, 70, 94, 95, l l 8, 131, 144, 153,154,188, 226 229,231,237
Convention/al/s, 6, 12, 19, 26, 41, 45, 46, 117, 135-137, 143, 147, 152, 176, 177, 181, 184, 245
Cooper, Rob, 196, C6
Copernicus, 150
Coplans, John, 12
Correa, Charles, 166
Cowan, Eileen, I 52
Craft/sman, 19, 20, 161, 165
Crimp, David, 150, 155
Critic/ism/al/s, I, 16, 21, 22, 42, 49, 57, 70, 77, 82, 102, 103, 106, 121, 123, 125, 126, 129-131, 140, 149, 150, 151, 155-158, 186,187,192,193, 22d 227,228,234, 237-240, 246, 247
Critique, 82, 102, 103, 155
Crop/ed/ping/s, 18, 46, 63, 152, 154, 155, 212, 227,237
Culture/s/ural, 6, 7, 9, 10, 19, 21, 37, 38, 40, 53, 63, 65, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 85, 93, 101, 115, 129, 150-153, 155, 156, 159-163, 165-166 176,229,231,237,238
Cunningham, Imagen, 230
Cupid, 6
Curtis, Edward S., 115, 116
Curtis, James, 123
D-H
D
da Vinci, Leonardo, 4, 165
Dachau, 33
Daguerre/otype, 52, 81
Dance, 149, 162, 165, 178
Darkroom, 67, 133, 171, 172, 180
David, Jacques-Louis, 160
Davidson, Bruce, 38, 115
Dawkins, Richard, 158
De Lorca, Phillip, 185, 186
de Saussure, Ferdinand, 137, 143, 150, 244, 245
DeLillo, 165
Dealer/s, 149
Death, 41, 62, 78, 81, 87, 89, 92-95, 98, 101, 102, 108, 111, 116, 136, 152, 156, 159, 160, 193, 194, 196,200
Decisive moment, 19, 20, 238, 244
Deconstruction/ism, 150, 234, 238, 244
Degradation, 115
Delacroix, Eugene, 58, 139, 163
Demachy, Robert, 57
Democratic/racy/ise, 10, 11, 13, 26, 36, 46, 69, 162, 164, 197, 198, 238, 246
Demystify, 34
Depression, the, 114, 122, 239
Derrida, Jacques, 150, 151, 238
Detail, 16, 17, 20, 27, 28, 40, 46, 58, 60, 68, 70, 81, 83-86, 95, 99, 104-106, 137, 139, 156, 157,172,211, 226-228, 237,241,245
Deviant, 125
Dhaka, 111
Dialectical, 117, 236, 238, 239
Didactic, 64, 139, 238, 239
Difference/s, 9, 12, 35, 45, 51, 54, 57, 62, 64, 74, 90, 91, 97, 100, 108, 126-128, 138, 139, 143, 146, 152, 159-161, 167, 182, 185, 188, 189, 191, 238
Digital/ly/isation, 27, 109, 110, 133, 141, 171
Distortion/s/ed, 6, 19, 30, 229, 230
Diwali, 161
Documentary/tion, 17, 27, 38, 39, 41, 43, 49, 53, 58, 62, 64, 68, 70, 75, 109, 110, 113-126, 134, 135, 138, 140, 143, 144, 146, 147, 189, 230, 239, 240, 244
Doisneau, Robert, 103
Dostoevsky, Fyodor (alternative spelling, Dostoyevsky), 160
Duality/ism, 79, 80, 83, 104, 125, 126, 128, 129
Dubois, Phillipe, 139, 140
Duchamp, Marcel, 18, 53, 165
Dumanoir, Allee, 116
Duncan, David, Douglas, 115
Diirer, Albrecht, 6
E
Eagleton, Terry, 150, 151
Eakin, Thomas, 54
East (geo-political), 163
Edgerton, Harold, 18, 44, 52, 81, 90, 230
Eidos, 78, 86
Elegiac, 32
Eliot, T. S., 56, 164
Emerson, Peter Henry, 21,2 4,1 39,2 08
Empathy/etic, 41, 42, 114, 125,160,236
Envy/able/ous, 7, 8, 10, 13
Enyeart, James, 21
Elfahrung, 142
Erlebnis, 142
Erotic/a, 46, 83, 86, 128
Erwitt, Elliot, 103, 109, 116,121,204
Establishment, 149, 157
Ethics, 30, 125, 185, 239
Ethnic, 69, 166-168
Ethnographical, 81
Eurocentric, 163
Europe (Central), 84
European/s,5 ,6 ,3 9,4 0,1 04,1 54,1 59,1 61,1 63, 167, 244
Evans, Walker, 25, 35, 36, 39, 41, 52, 57, 67, 115, 118, 119, 154, 157, 159,164,200, 206,211,218,219,241
Evans, William M., 17, 27
Evident/ial/ce, 93, 98, 99, 110, 132, 136, 169, 173, 177, 184
Evil, 161
Exotic, 36, 62
Exploit/ation, 28, 32, 65, 118, 143, 147, 154, 174, 226, 242
Expose, 114
Expose/ing/ure, 20, 24, 33, 47, 53, 62, 78, 113, 115, 118, 122, 127, 133, 140, 229, 230, 245
Eye, 3, 5, 15, 19, 25, 45, 46, 67, 71, 81, 84, 85, 98, 99, 116, 123, 129, 130, 134, 139, 159, 162, 163, 165, 169, 170, 178, 226, 229, 232, 246
F
f64 (group), 57
Fabricate/d, 93, 94, 116
Fake/d, 57, 58, 106, 138
False, 4, 11, 35, 43, 49, 57, 64, 87, 96, 100, 107, 176, 182, 243
Family of Man, 35
Fantasy, 31, 86, 144, 160, 191
Farm Security Administration (FSA), 30, 39, 57, 117,122,123,239,240
Fashion/s, 36, 55, 64, 84, 87, 93, 106, 127, 143, 144, 147, 148, 155, 177, 181,191,229
Fellini, Federico, 99
Fenton,R oger,2 00
Feuerbach, Anselm, 59, 60, 74
Film and Photo League, I 14, 239
Flaneur, 38
Flash, 47, 70,105,113,122,123,180,229
Focus, 23-25, 28, 45, 55, 56, 70, 121, 131, 175, 229
Folk, 158, 161
Form/al/ism/ist, 2, 3, 5, 6, 12, 16, 19-23, 25, 26, 30, 31, 43-47, 50-52, 54-56, 59, 60, 69, 71-74, 77, 78, 101, 105, 109, 117-119, 122, 135, 144, 149, 152, 154, 155, 159, 179, 186, 200,226,240,245
Found object/s, 36, 40, 53, 105
Fournier, Frank, 111
Frame, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 86, 119, 135, 137, 140, 143, 165, 166,180,229, 237, 238
Franck, Martine, 163,2 05, 209
Frank, Robert, 22, 36, 37, 39, 40, 46, 49, 51, 52, 69, 119, 129, 130, 155, 160, 164
Freak/s, 36, I 14
Freeman, Michael, 141
French, 82, 116, 155
Freud, Lucian, 12
Freud, Sigmund, 150
Friedlander, Lee, 12, 119, 123, 124, 155, 164
Friedman, Benno, 57
Future, 7, 9, 10, 13, 18, 62, 83, 93, 95, 97, 101, 102, 111, 134, 161, 175, 178
Futurist photography, 147
G
Gage, John, 160
Gallery/ies, 4, 55, 56, 114, 119, 138, 141, 146, 162, 208, 226
Galton, Francis and Mohamed, 98, 103
Gandhi, Mahatma, 112
Gardino, Flor, 68
Gardner, Alexander, 95, 111, 199
Genius/es, 90, 109, 156, 162, 164
Genre 73, 110,143, 146 147, 148,158,229,233
Genthe, Arnold, 38
German/y, 31, 39, 72, 75, 82,108,242
Ghatak, 165
Ghetto/s, 41
Giacomelli, Mario, 11, 73, 230
Gibson, Ralph, 230
Gilbert and George, 165
Gilden, Bruce, 84, 101, 123, 124,218
Glamour/ous, 7, 8, 10, 13, 154
Godard, 48, 70, 88
Godwin, Peter, 193, 196, 198
Goldblatt, David, 168
Goldin, Nan, 68, 109, 126-128, 146, 183, 185, 242
Gombrich, E.H., 59
Gorin, 48, 70
Gowin, Emmet, 109, 185
Goya, 123
Graham, Dan, 126, 129, 130
Greek/s, 89, 103
Greenpeace, 120
Griffiths, Phillip Jones, 120, 142
Groover, Jan, 24
Grundberg, Andy, ix, 69, 107, 132, 149-158, 186
Guardian, The, 71
Guevara, Che 48
Guilt 115, 160-63, 189
Gupta, R.P. 165
Gursky Andre 227
H
Haas Ernst, 230
Haeberle. Ron. 142
Haiku. 161
Hals Frans. 3
Halsman. Phillipe, 230
Hawarden. Lady Clementina, 109
Hawthorne. 17
Heartfield. John, 37, 157, 215, 230, 238
Heinecken. Robert, 154
Hero/ ic/ ism, 34, 35, 43, 44, 45, 49, 61, 68, 69, 121. 149
Heron. Liz, 70
Hill and Adamson, 57
Hill. Paul, xv, xvii
Hindu s. 161, 162, 164, 165, 167,241
Hine. Lewis, 27, 36, 39, 48, 56, 62, 66, 70, 85, 86, 109, 113, 118, 122, 216
History/ical/ies, 2-4, 9, 16, 20, 32, 35, 37, 40-43, 49, 53, 57, 63-65, 77-79, 82, 87, 91, 93, 94, 101-103, 115, 117, 118, 121, 122, 126, 138, 140, 143, 146, 150, 162, 177, 228-230, 231, 234
Hockney, David, 26, 154, 230
Hollywood, 154, 165
Hong Kong, 165
Hosoe, Eikoh, 230
Houlberg, Marilyn, 188
Hughes, Jim, 131
Human Rights Watch, 120
Humanism/ist, 6, 34, 35, 38, 49, 125, 163-165, 240
Hungary, 84
Hunt/er/ing, 38,114,121,137,176,177, 183, 184
Hunter, Tom, 121, 183, Cl
Hurn, David, 211
Hussein, Saddam, 132
I-P
I
Icon Books, 235
lcon/ic, 123, 137-148, 234, 235, 240, 244, 245
Iconography, 173, 196
Identity, 26, 78 etc
Ideolect, 135
Illusion/s, 17, 23, 26, 27, JOO, 127, 128, 149,
151, 160, 236
Image/s, 1-16, 19-27, 29-33, 36, 37, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 53-55, 58-66, 71, 74–80, 84–90, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99-101, 104, 105, 107, 109, 111, 114–124,1 27-129, 134–150, 152-157, 159, 163, 166, 171, 177, 179-181, 184, 185, 188, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 198, 226–231, 233,234, 236-245, 247
Immoral, 160
Immortal, 117
Imperial/ist/ious/ism, 31, 128, 129, 130, 240
Impressionism/istic, 44, 157
Inauthentic, 115
lndex/ical, 240, 244, 245
India/n, 40, 116, 120, 159-167, 203, 204, 246
Indians (Native Americans), 39, 40, 115, 116
Individual/istic, 2, 6, 10, 34, 44, 53, 54, 58, 64, 65, 72, 73, 89, 98, 100, 136, 142, 151, 156, 159, 227, 245
Inside/r, 36, 63, 68, 125-132, 146, 155
Intention/s, 37, 39, 41, 50, 54, 70, 80, 85, 105, 106, 126, 127, 141, 151, 152, 156, 174, 177, 184, 228, 247
Inte1fuit, 90
Interpret/ation, 22, 30, 48, 66, 105, 106, 123, 124,
144, 157, 158,229,231
Intersum, 90
Intuitive/tion, 50, 105, 164
Iranian, 165
Irma, Deborah, 185
Irony/ic, 41-43, 52, 59, 94, 105, 118, 149,
176,177,241
Islamic, 160
J
Jain, 165, 241
Jameson, Frederic, 151
Janouch, 85
Japan/ese, 31, 47, 115, 121, 161, 165, 246
Jarr, Alfredo, 165
Jencks, Charles, 149
Jew/ish, 36
Johns, Jasper, 160
Journalist/ism, 43, 48, 96, 113, 118,131,242
Judaism, 159
Judeo-Christian, 159
Junk, 164, 176
Juxtapose/iton, 4, 13, 20, 238
K
Kafka, 85
Kailas temples, 161
Kandinsky, Wassily, 160
Kapoor, Anish, 166
Karsh, Yousuf, 101, 183
Keita, Seydo, 165, 189
Kerouac, Jack, 40
Kertesz, Andre, 46, 82, 84, 85, 92, 98, 105, 106, 120, 123, 143, 147, 159,163,227
Kiarostami, Abbas, 165
Kissinger, Henry, 112
Kitsch, 42, 43, 53, 237, 241
Klein, William, 72, 81, 84, 104–106
Klinger, Max, 143, 147
Kodak, 139, 187, 188
Korean War, 32
Kotah, 161, 165
Kouchner, Bernard, 71
Koudelka, Josef, 167, 205, 210
Krauss, Rosalind, 133, 151
Kruger, Barbara, 109, 157,227,230,237
Krull, Germaine, 78
Krupp, 34
Kushner, 74
L
la Grange, Ashley, xi,x iii,x iv,2 07,C 3
Lange, Dorothea, 51, 52, 67, 69, 109, 115, 117, 118, 122, 212-214, 240
Langford, Michael, 226, 234
Language, 21, 56, 58, 73, 79, 92, 99, 110, 125, 129, 133-138, 141, 143-145, 147, 150-152, 161, 164,167,238,244, 245
Larkin, Philip, 137
Lartigue, Jacques-Henri, 38, 68, 92, 103, 109, 133, 134, 183, 191, 192
Lategan, Barry, 143, 147
Laughlin, Clarence John, 40, 52
Lawler, Louise, 153
Lawrence, D. H., 45
Lawson, Thomas, 152
Le Querrec, Guy, 133, 134
Lee, Russell, 115
Left/wing, the, 118, 125
Leibovitz, Annie, 101, 183, 185
Leica, 31
Lennon, John, 185
Lesy, Michael, 41
Levine, Sherri, 11, 153, 156, 157, 186
Levit,H elen,2 3
Liberal/ism, 100, 113, 114, 120
Lie/s, 4, 17, 20, 27, 36, 43, 52, 59, 92, 110, 138
Life, 82, 104, 129, 227
Lindberg, 143, 147
Lodi, Khan Jahan, 160
London, 38, 137, 165, 199, 208, 215
London, Barbara and Upton, John, 228, 229
Louvre, 4
Lumumba, Patrice, 111
Lyon, Danny, 115, 118
Lyotard, Jean-Francois, 155
M
Magazine/s, 10-14, 17, 27, 79, 91, 100, 104, 114–116, 118, 121, 129, 152, 154, 239, 241, 244
Magic, 60, 61, 133, 136, 190
Magnum, 57,163, 202-206, 209-211, 217,218, 241, C4
Magubane, Peter, 168
Mahabharata, 160, 164
Mali/an, I 65, 189
Man Ray, 37, 55, 68, 147, 185, 244, 245
Mandela, Nelson, 112, 198
Manet, 7
Manipulate/ive/ing, 114, 123, 140
Mann, Sally, 12, 109, 183, 185
Mantegna, Andrea, 48
Mapplethorpe, Robert, 81, 83, 85, 86, I 00
Marden, Brice, 160
Marey, Ettienne, 96
Marginalized, 118
Mark, Mary Ellen, 109, 166
Marker, Chris, 41
Martin, Paul, 38
Marx/ist/ism, 43, 48, 149, 150, 163,241
Masaccio, 163, 194
Mask/s, 82, 98, 102, 103, 152, 177, 184, 197, 198
Materialism, 8
Matisse, 163
Matter, 16, 17, 30, 35, 42, 45-47, 53-56, 58, 59, 64-67, 69, 70, 73, 76, 122, 126, 127, 145, 151, 153, 157, 170, 171, 180, 185, 193, 196
McCarthy, Senator Joseph, 240
McCullin, Don, 14, 33, 66, 71, 106, 115, 120, 142, 166, 203, 230
McLuhan, Marshall, 59
Meaning/s, 1-4, 7, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21-23, 26, 27,3 4,3 9,4 7,48,5 9,6 3,64,7 0,7 1,7 9,8 2, 92, 97, 102, 103, 105, 110, 113, 114, 117-119, 122, 123, 127, 130, 131, 136, 139, 141-144, 147, 150-153, 162, 176, 177, 180, 181,184,185,230,231,238,240,241,247
Medecins Sans Frontieres, 71, 120
Media/ium, 7, 11, 12, 16, 21, 26, 51, 53, 58, 59, 84, 91, 99, 118, 130, 133, 136, 149, 151, 153, 154, 156, 157, 165, 166,197,233,238, 241-243, 246
Mediterranean, 8, 83
Meiselas, Susan, 66, 115, 195, 196, 217
Melancholy/ic, 40, 68, 91, 93, 102
Memory/ies, 31, 61, 74, 84, 94, 104, 134, 136, 139, 143, 147, 160, 172, 178, 182, 220, 232
Metaphore/ic/ical/s, 90, 142
Metaphysical, 92, 110
Metzner, Sheila, 230
Meville, 61
Michals, Duane, 27, 54, 84, 110, 230, 242
Middle Ages, 2, 95
Middle class, 38, 236
Mili, Gjon, 18
Miller, Lee, 185
Mimic/ry, 115, 127, 152
Minamata, 47, 48, 115, 120, 146
Minimalism, 150, 161
Minkkinen, Arno, 12
Misrach, Richard, 68, 158
Mizoguchi, 165
Mock/ery, 36, 62
Model/s, 6, 8, 25, 26, 38, 72, 89, 96, 109, 158, 176, 211
Model, Lisette, 39
Modern/ism/ist, I, 4, 7, 10, 12, 30, 35, 37, 38, 42, 43, 45, 46, 52, 53, 55, 57-59, 61, 63, 64, 69, 72, 75, 94, 119, 134, 135, 139, 149-158, 161-165, 175, 176, 179, 227, 242
Moghul, 159
Moholy-Nagy, Laszlo, 37, 44, 51, 52, 68, 72,
134, 145, 154
Moment, 5, 7, 19, 20, 24, 26, 32, 51, 53, 76, 78, 86, 117, 118, 141, 142, 174, 175, 181, 182, 198, 238, 244, 245
Monetary, I
Monochrome (see Black and White), 17, 22, 123, 127, 143, 146, 147, 160, 166, 167, 226, 227, 229, 237
Montage/s, 17, 27, 40
Moon, Sarah, 230
Moral/ity/ism/istic, 3, 5, 10, 32, 33, 35, 36, 39, 41, 43, 46, 48, 63, 64, 69, 77, 84, 98, 114, 123, 125, 134, 142, 146, 160, 163, 239
Morisseau-Leroy, Felix, ix, 187, 189
Morocco, 163
Mortal/ity, 32, 41, 57, 94, 101
Move/ment (2 meanings), 18, 22, 24, 39, 63, 69, 72, 104, 139, 172, 178, 229, 230, 245
Movement, 36, 45, 104, 154, 238, 242, 245
Movie/s, 3, 41, 61, 193, 194, 153
Moving image/s, 30, 32
Muckraking, 113, 242
Mugabe, Robert, 112, 196, C6
Mukwazhi, Tsvangirayi, 208
Mummendey, Dietrich, 111
Murray, John, 161
Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), 119
Museum/s, 35, 40, 49, 53, 54, 56, 57, 114, 119, 141,162,226
Muslims, 167
Mussolini, 38, 112
Muybridge, Eadweard, 19, 39, 54, 96
My Lai, 142
Mystify, 4, 242
Myth/ology/ist, 83, 113, 116, 144, 151, 155
N
Naive, 41, 56, 83, 88
Nabokov, 62
Nadar, 50, 64, 82, 86, 96, 98, 103, 108, 183
Naipaul, V. S., 165, 166
Naked, 5, 6, 12, 137, 170, 179, 185
Narayan, R. K., 165, 166
Narrative, 17, 19, 20, 27, 54, 119, 149, 165, 236,242,244
Nataraja, 165
National Gallery, 4
Nationalist/ism, 162
Nazi/s, 33, 39, 66, 82
Negative, 13, 17, 22, 115, 116, 122, 130, 131, 138, 140, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 244, 246, 247
Negative space, 194, 229
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 166
New Deal, The, 114
New Guinea, 115
New Objectivity, 57, 104, 242, 245
New York Times, 116,118
New York, 82, 113, 165, 216, 218
New Zealand, 167
Newhall, Beaumont, 149
News, 10, 13, 14, 33, 71, 83, 114, 117, 121, 181, 196, 240, 244
Newspaper/s, 14, 33, 41, 79, 114, 118, 152, 181, 226,227,236,239,241
Newton, Helmut, 143, 147
Nhem, Ein, 108, 111, 165
Nicaragua, 79, 80, 83, 196
Niepce, Joseph Nicephore, 60, 74, 93
Nihilism/istic, 162, 242
Nilsson, Lennart, 52
Nixon, Nicholas, 101
Noeme, 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 99, 109, 139
Non-Western, 167, 246
Norfolk, Simon, 68
North Americans, 31
Nostalgia/ic, 9, 32, 47, 175, 177
Nude/s/ity, 1, 5-7, 11, 12, 44, 46, 54, 72, 78, 143, 144, 147, 148, 185, 242
O
O’Keefe, Georgia, 185
Oberholzer, Obie, 168
Object/ivity/fy/fied, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12, 21, 22, 30, 48, 53, 55, 57, 58, 60, 64, 65, 76-78, 83, 84, 89, 91, 93, 97, 99, 104, 110, 113, 125, 126, 127, 136, 146, 150, 152, 170, 176, 242, 245
Object-as-nothing, 99
Objets trouves, 36
Occident, 37
Olympia, 7
Operator/s, 77, 81, 83, 90, 96, 102
Oppression, 55, 114, 120
Oriental, 18, 81
Origina!/s/ity, 2, 4, 11, 41, 42, 52, 56, 58-60, 71, 74, 110, 116, 118, 126, 127, 129, 139, 151, 153, 156, 163,167,226, 227, 238, 242, 243
Outside/r, 21, 35, 36, 39, 68, 82, 86, 97, 98, 103, 125, 126, 128-131, 155, 167, 173, 179
Ownership, I, 30, 78, 118
Ozu, 165
P
Page, Tim, 142
Painters/ing, I, 3-9,1 1-13,1 6-19, 30,3 1,4 3-45, 52-54, 56-58, 62,69, 73, 81,91, 92,99, 104, 135, 137-141, 143, 146, 147, 150, 152, 153, 160-162, 165, 194, 236, 240
Pakistan, 165
Palinode, 86, 87, 106, 242
Pandora, 144
Paradox/ical, 50, 98
Paris, 163, 165
Parody, 62, 151
Parr, Martin, 72, 104, 109, 166, 185, 241, C4
Parsons, John, 144
Past, 2, 3, 8-10, 12, 18, 31, 33, 37, 38, 40-42, 52, 56, 57, 61, 62, 64, 89-93, 95, 99, 100-102, 109-111, 114, 115, 117, 136, 137, 142, 151
Pastiche, 151, 154
Pater, 59
Pathos 33, 37, 47, 68, 79, 93,102,243
Payne, Lewis, 95, 111, 199
Peirce, C. S., 138, 143, 150, 244, 245
Penn, Irving, 55, 73, 115
Perception/tual, 23, 44, 45, 79, 98, 129, 130, 141,
143, 146, 150
Perspective/s, 3, 8, 16, 45, 81, 82, 93, 126, 132, 135, 161, 191,198,229,231
Peruvian, 167
Pessimist/ically/ism, 36, 155
Pfahl, John, 155
Phenomenologist/gy, 79, 99, 243
Phillips, Christopher, 72
Philosophy/ er/ical, 10, 21, 130, 138, 150, 155, 158, 160, 164, 169,172,236,238,240,241, 243-245
Photo-Realism, 45
Photo-Secession, 57
Photogram, 134, 135, 144, 145, 147
Photographic seeing, 45, 55, 56, 63, 69, 134, 145
Photojournalism/ist/montage, 47, 54, 71, 72, 131, 144, 147, 163, 166, 229, 239
Physiognomy, 82, 99, 103
Picasso, Pablo, 54, 58, 236
Pictorial/ist, 12, 57, 160, 163, 241
Picture Post, 242
Pinochet, General, 112, 122
Pity, 99, 189, 243
Plato/nic, 59, 65, 72, 75
Pluralism, 150, 151
Poem/try/t/tic, 32, 45, 56, 58, 87, 107, 137, 164, 188, 189, 192, 238, 242
Pol Pot, 111, 112
Polaroid, 52
Polish, 41, 92
Politics/tical, 4, 10, 33-35, 48, 59, 65, 74, 78, 80, 92, 114, 117, 119, 120, 125, 127, 128, 131, 154, 165, 167, 196-198, 237,238, 240-242
Polke, Sigmar, 21
Poor, 16, 38, 39, 40, 47, 55, 56, 70, 73, 106, 113-116, 118, 122, 154, 174, 187, 240, 246, 247
Pop Art, 53
Pornography, 86, 144, 147, 148
Port-au-Prince, 188
Portrait/s/ture, 3, 4, 38, 41, 47, 51, 55, 57, 59, 61, 62, 64, 75, 78, 82, 84-86, 88, 90, 91, 96, 98, 100, 101, 103, 105-110, 112,115,129,135, 143, 144, 147, 152, 162, 165, 175, 177, 179, 183-185, 187, 188, 198, 238
Portuguese, 167
Pose, 17, 19, 63, 72, 77, 90, 94, 98, 100, 105, 110, 176, 177, 184, 188
Possession, 32, 40, 60-62, 74, 129, 137, 140, 172, 180, 182, 185
Post-modern/ism/ist, 69, 128, 132, 149-158, 164, 186, 236
Post-structuralist/ism, 151, 152
Postmodern/ism/ist, I 07, 149-158, 222
Pound, Ezra, 164
Poussin, Nicolas, 161
Poverty, 10, 17, 30, 38,48, 113,114,116,118, 120, 188
Prague, 31
Predator/y, 32, 39, 40, 52
Present, 6, 7, 9, II, 12, 18, 20, 41, 61, 62, 88, 90, 102, 112, 114, 126, 134, 142, 151, 155, 169, 175, 178,186,232,238
Prick, 80, 84
Primitive, 46, 52, 54, 59, 60, 61, 72, 77, 81, 85, 101, 243
Prince, Richard, 152, 153, 156
Private, 9, 36, 38, 59, 65, 78, 95, 96, 127, 173, 181, 185,242
Privilege/d, 3, 36, 113, 128, 174
Professional/ly, 72, 76, 96, 101, 139, 172
Prometheus, 144
Propaganda, 39,239,243
Protestant, 89
Proust/ian, 61, 74, 87, 99, 107
Psychological, 37, 114, 141, 143, 145, 147, 160, 231
Publicity (also see advertising), 1, 7-10, 12, 13, 101, 193, 243
Punctum, 21,8 0,8 1,8 3-6,9,102,104,105,106, 108, l l l , 136, 137, 139, 140, 142, 145, 184
Pure/ist/ism, 82, 95, 102, 103, 151, 154, 155, 227,239,245
Q-Z
Q
–
R
Rajput, 159
Ramayana, 164
Rasas, 160
Rauschenberg, Robert, 21
Ray, Satyajit, 160-165
Real/ity, 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 17-21, 23, 24, 27, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36-39, 40-45, 47-49, 51, 52, 54, 57-67, 69, 74, 75, 78, 83, 85, 90-93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 102-104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 118-120, 123, 128, 132-140, 142-144, 146, 151, 154, 155, 164, 166, 169-172, 174, 175, 182, 185, 186,231,236, 237, 241, 243
Reciprocal, 2
Reddy, Ravindra, 165
Redon, Odilon, 143, 147
Reductionism/ist, 33, 77, 150, 243
Referent/ce, 8, 28, 33, 72, 76, 77, 81, 84, 90-93, 96, 109, 120, 121, 137-139, 141, 144, 155, 194
Reform, 21, 113, 114
Rejlander, Oscar, 17, 26, 57, 138
Religious/osity/n, 4, 59, 89, 92, 94, 95, 164, 165, 194, 240, 244
Rembrandt, 48, 236
Renaissance, 3, 5, 9, 135
Renger-Patzsch, Albert, 44, 57, 104
Rephotography, 152
Reportage, 98, 134, 142, 145, 146, 161,227, 239, 241, 242, 244
Represent/ation, 2, 30, 40, 45, 50, 81, 90, 93, 95, 103, 109, 110, 126-131, 136-138, 142, 146,152,154,174,231,238
Resemblance, 96-98, 112
Richter, Gerhard, 28, 126
Right/wing, the, 119, 240
Riis, Jacob, 38, 40, 47, 66, 70, 113, 118, 122, 123,131,216
Riley II, Charles A., 160
Rilke, 94
Robin, Marie-Monique, 71, 111
Robinson, Henry Peach, 17, 26, 52, 57, 109, 138
Robinson, Walter, 152
Rodchenko, Alexander, 28, 37, 74, 75, 147, 230, 246
Rodger, George, 70, 241
Rodin, 165
Ronis, Willy, 145
Rosenfeld, Paul, 50
Rosier, Martha, vii, ix, 69, 113-126, 128, 131, 157, 192
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 144
Ruff, Thomas, 108
Ruisdael, 161
Rumania, 84
Ruscha, Ed, 126, 129, 130, 154,246
Rushdie, Salman, 166
Russell, Bertrand, ix, 67, 169-171
Russians, 81, I 04, 105
S
Sabattier effect (alternative spelling Sabatier), 244
Saigon, 142
Salgado, Sebastiao, 66, 70, 121, 124, 167, 240
Salzmann, August, 95
Sander, August, 39, 40, 41, 67, 75, 82, 100, 103, 109, 183, 184, 199
Sapporo, 31
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 79, 93, 97
Satori, 85, 106
Saville, Jenny, 12
Science/tific/ist, 17, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 58, 59, 65, 67, 82, 88, 102, 103, 108-110, 132, 150, 157
Scott, Clive, ix, 133-148, 244
Scottish, 57
Sculpture/s/or, 149, 150,165,241
See/ing, 1-7, 11-14, 16, 17, 19-27, 30-35, 37-40, 42-48, 50, 51, 53, 55-58, 60-64, 66-72, 74-76, 78, 80-82, 84-88, 91-93, 95-99, 101-103, 105, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 115, 117-119, 121-123, 126, 127, 129-140, 145, 147, 148, 150, 152-157, 159, 160, 167, 169, 170, 172, 174-176, 180-183, 185, 186, 188, 190, 191, 193, 195, 196, 198,226,227,231,232,234,240,246
Seine, 145
Self-expression/vity, 51, 133, 135, 141, 143, 147
Semiology/ical/ist, 82, 93, 103, 125, 136, 137, 234, 244, 245
Semiotic/s, 137, 138, 143, 150, 154,234,235, 240, 244
Sensation/alist, 25, 78, 113, 129, 130, 170, 242
Sense/s, 4-7, 9, 15, 19, 20, 27, 31-33, 35, 39, 43, 44, 47, 49, 55, 60, 61, 63, 65, 67, 72, 87, 94, 102-104, 106, 107, 117, 137, 139, 142-147, 150, 151, 154, 155, 157, 159-161, 163, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 174, 180, 183, 185, 232, 236, 240, 242, 243
Sense-data, l 70, 171
Sentimental/ity, 34, 36, 41, 46, 53, 79, 115, 116, 164, 177,183,241
Sex/ist/ism/ual/uality, 6, 8, 9, 38, 45, 65, 83, 86, 126-128, 193, 242, 247
Seymour, David, 241
Sherman, Cindy, 21, 101, 103, 146, 152, 156
Shock, 10, 33, 81, 83, 106 142
Shore, Stephen, viii, 15, 21-29, 66, 73, 158
Sign, 76, 79, 80, 84, 85, 90, 95, 137, 138, 141, 144, 146-148, 150, 155, 162,240, 244-246
Signify/ier/ied, 76, 81, 82, 102, 103, 118, 136, 137, 141, 143, 146, 150,244,245
Sikander, Shazia, 165
Simmons, Laurie, 152, 246
Simonpiertri, Christian, 111
Singh, Dayanita, 109
Singh, Raghubir, ix, xvii, 109, 120, 147, 159-168, C2
Siodmak, Robert, 41
Sischy, Ingrid, 70, 121
Siskind, Aaron, 46, 52, 56
Slums, 115
Smith, Aileen Mioko, 115, 121
Smith, W. Eugene, 47, 66, 70, 115, 120, 131, 146, 202, 242
Snapshot/s,s nap shooters, happy snapper,1 6,5 4, 63,1 09, Il l ,1 34,1 35,1 38, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 175, 177, 180, 183,184,219,228
Snowdon, Lord, 141
Social/ogical types, 3, 5, 11, 27, 31, 32, 34, 36, 38, 39, 43, 49, 56, 61, 65, 69, 77, 78, 82, 84, 91, 93, 94, 113, 114, 117-121, 123, 125, 128, 131, 142, 146, 150, 152, 155, 167, 175-177, 179, 183,184,229, 233,237,239, 240,242
Society, 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 33, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 43,47, 59,60, 62, 64, 65, 74, 75, 78, 80, 82, 94,99, 100,102,103,119,123,126,156,158, 163, 167, 181,234,237,238
Solarisation/Solarization, 38, 244, 245
Solomon-Godeau, Abigail, vii, ix, 68, 125, 132, 146, 157, 192
Sommer, Frederick, 56
Sontag, Susan, vii, viii, ix, 30-75, 91, 101, 108, 121, 125, 126, 132-134, 141, 182, 183, 243, 244, 246
South America, 167, 246
South Kensington (art school style), 161
South (US states), 154
South/em Africa/n, xii, 122, 167, 168, 246
Soviet Union, 74
Space,3,20,23,24,25,28,33,63,65,7 8,83,1 30, 137, 142-145, 147, 149, 177, 179, 194, 229, 233
Spectator/s, 3, 5-10, 77, 78, 80, 81, 86, 96, 101, 104, 145, 170
Spectum, 77
Spence, Jo, 12, 109
Spencer, Stanley, 12
Spiritual/ity, 4, 8, 37, 45, 163, 164
Spontaneous/ity, 4, 138, 175, 232, 236
Stadium, 89, 95, 111, 116
Stage/d, 19, 81, 116, 141, 237
Stalin, Joseph, 41
Stasis, 93, 102
Steichen, Edward, 34
Stein, Gertrude, 41
Stella, Frank, 160
Stereotype/ical, 8, 127, 147, 152, 167, 177, 184
Stieglitz, Alfred, 35, 37, 50, 51, 52, 55-57, 79, 154, 185
Still/s, 2-4, 7, 11, 12, 24-26, 28, 32, 33, 39,
41, 43, 45, 47, 53, 62, 66, 70, 72, 79, 81, 90, 92, 113, 118, 123, 127-129, 132-137, 147, 150, 152, 153, 157, 162, 165, 167, 173-175, 178, 183, 193-195, 198,215, 233, 245, 247
Stoddart, Tom, 66, 71
Story/ies, 5, 17, 19, 20, 71, 85,116,117,118, 144, 147, 148, 186, 194, 223, 224, 234, 239, 240, 242, 244
Straight, 53, 98, 99, 104, 144, 154, 179, 229, 239, 241-243, 245,246
Strand, Paul, 44, 46, 47, 49, 52, 69, 109, 164
Stravinsky, 54
Street photography, 163
Structuralism, 150, 151
Structure, 19, 23, 25, 46, 70, 149, 150, 152
Stryker, Roy, 39, 117,239
Studio, 17, 20, 23, 26, 127, 162, 176, 177, 184, 188, 189
Studium, 80, 81, 85, 95, 104, 105, 111, 136, 137, 140, 142
Style, 44, 54, 69, 75, 79, 93, 101, 115, 121, 124, 127, 135, 141, 149, 151, 152, 156, 158, 161, 239,244
Subculture, 115
Subject/s/ivity, 2, 5, 6, 10, 16-18, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30-32, 35-42, 44-46, 49-51, 53-61, 63, 64-67, 69, 70, 73, 76-79, 81, 85, 86, 90, 92, 93, 95, 98, 100, 103, 105-108, 110, 114, 117, 118, 121-123, 125-128, 130, 131, 134, 136-138, 141, 143, 145, 151, 157, 162, 164, 165, 174, 175, 179, 180, 183, 186, 188, 189, 193, 198, 228, 229, 231, 234, 236-238, 240, 241, 245
Subversive, 46, 52, 82, 103
Suchar, Charles, 230
Sunday Times, The, 14
Super-Realism, 45
Surface, 34, 40, 91, 108, 177, 184,227
Surreal/ist/ism, 36-38, 40, 41-43, 47, 69, 70, 133, 236, 238, 245, 246
Survey/ed, 5
Symbol/s/ic, 17, 20, 141, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 179,231,240,241,244,245, 246
Synecdoche, 40
Szarkowski, John, viii, 15-21, 24, 26-29, 53, 55, 66, 73, 102, 119, 120, 226
Szirtes, George, vii, ix, xvii, 189-192
T
Taboo/s, 36, 38, 160
Tagore, Rabindranath, 162, 164
Tahitians, 115
Talbot, William Henry Fox, 44, 45, 51, 60, 74
Tate Gallery, xiii
Tautology/ical, 49, 76, 246
Technical, 46, 47, 55, 56, 73, 77, 88, 143, 156,
171, 17 182, 22 228,230
Techniques, 33, 141, 230, 234
Temporal, 34, 38, 175, 246
Text, I, 17, 41, 48, 58, 70, 81, 95, 111,
115, 129, 150, 152, 154, 155, 157, 191,
230, 233
Thames, 166
That-has-been, 90, 91, 95, 96, 99, 109, 137
Thatcher, Margaret, 112
Theatre, 81, 82, 101, 102
Theory/etical, 1, 7, 16, 117, 125, 137, 138,
150, 151, 153, 155, 159, 160,175,230,
231, 235, 242-245
There-she-is, 99
Theroux, Paul 134
Third World, 10, 196,246
This-has-been, 91
Thompson, John, 38, 118
Thompson, Mrs, 117, 122
Tibet, 167
Time/less/ness, 2, 3, 6, 16-21, 23-25, 27, 28,
30, 32-34, 37, 39, 41, 43, 47-49, 51, 53,
56, 57, 62, 63, 86-88, 93-95, 98, 100, 104,
107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 117, 120, 122, 127,
133, 134, 136, 137, 140-142, 145, 146, 150,
153, 157, 159, 162, 164, 165, 169, 173, 174,
175,177,179,181,182,190,194,222,227,
230, 238, 243, 246
Tone/al, 10, 22, 59, 143, 147, 156,160,226,229,
230, 240, 241, 245
Toscani, Oliviero, 13
Tourist/ism/ic, 31, 38, 40, 83,114,116,125,126,
128-131, 187-189, 246
Tournier, 140
Tradition/al, I, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 19, 26, 27,
36, 40, 42, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52, 53, 56, 58,
68, 71, 73, 129, 151, 153, 156, 157, 159,
161-165, 173, 197
Transform/ation, 58, 93, 94, 140, 178, 197
Translate/ion, 10, 136, 144, 215, 238
Trauma, 136, 142
Tripe, Linnaeus, 161
Trivial, 17, 27, 34, 55, 121
True/th/ful/ness, 2, 11, 12, 17, 20, 21, 22, 26,
27, 30, 38, 43, 44, 46-51, 53, 54, 57, 58,
61, 64, 67-69, 74, 87, 88, 90, 96-99,
102, 107-110, 112, 115, 119, 122, 123,
126-130, 132, 137, 139, 143, 146, 147,
149, 151, 154, 156, 157, 164, 166, 170,
171, 174-177, 181-185, 189, 190,198,223,
238, 241, 246
Tuol Seng prison, I 08
Turner, J.M. W., 45, 58, 160
U
US/A, 113, 120
Uelsmann, Jerry, 230, 245
Unary, 83, 104
Uncoded, 136, 137, 141, 142
Unique/ness, 3, 4, 7, 11, 16, 36, 44, 52, 58, 59, 61, 64, 88, 90, 98, 108, 109, 139, 143, 154, 157, 177, 184
Unmasking, 152
Ut, Nguyen Kong, ‘Nick’, 32, 142
V
Valery, 58
Van Schaick, Charles, 41
Van der Zee, 84, 85
Vantage point, 3, 16, 19, 20, 23, 25, 28, 71, 119, 128, 246
Venus, 6, 8
Vernacular, 126, 149, 198, 246
Victim/s/isation, 35, 56, 111, 114, 115, 118, 122, 125, 126, 144
Victorian, 26, 27, 86, 103
Viet/nam/ese/cong War North, 31, 32, 119, 120,
142, 227
View point, 230, 246
View/er, 3-6, 8, 11, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23-27, 30, 33, 35, 36, 39, 42, 43, 46, 49, 52, 55, 57, 58, 61-64, 70, 71, 72, 75-77, 85, 89, 92, 109, 114, 116, 117, 119, 121,122, 125-130, 135-137, 140, 143-146, 152-154, 158, 160, 167, 169, 170, 174, 182, 183,191,227,230, 231, 238-240, 245, 246
Vintage print/s, 11, 156, 246
Violent/ce, 106,115,126,161,171,178, 181, 184
Vishniac, Roman, 41
Vision, 2, 5, 11, 16, 20, 21, 23, 35, 36, 43, 44, 58, 68, 69, 121, 134, 139, 144, 145, 156, 160, 161, 163, 165
Visual language/grammar, 21-23, 56, 161
Vocabulary, 16, 56, 73, 135, 159
Vorman, Adam Clark, 39, 116
Voyeur/ist/ism, 114, 125-128, 134, 139, 140, 145,247
W
Wall, Jeff, 128
War, 32, 37, 71, 79, 115, 116, 119, 123, 132,
142, 153, 196, 197, 200, 227
Warhol, Andy, 36, 84, 126
Ways of Seeing, 2, 6, 7, 14, 26, 46, 53, 55-57, 63, 160
Webster, Frank, 135, 137
Weegee, 36, 38, 101, 118, 227
Welling, James, 153
Wells, Mike, xvii, 201
Wenda, Gu, 165
Wessing, Koen, 79, 80, 83, 106
West/em/World, 37, 156, 159-167
Weston, Brett, 11
Weston, Edward, 11, 44-47, 50, 52, 53, 55, 57, 69, 76 104,110,156,226,227,230, 241, 245
White, 56, 84, 106, 115, 122, 159-161, 166, 167, 169, 173, 176, 179, 181, 187,198,226,227, 233
White, Minor, 50, 52, 56
Whitman, Walt, 34-37, 67
Williams, Val, 70
Wilson, G.W., 86
Winogrand, Garry, 24, 119, 123, 124, 163, 185
Witkin, Joel-Peter, 110
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 48
Wolcott, Marion Post, 202
Woman/men, 1, 5-8, 11, 12, 47, 80, 85-87, 106,152,173,179,190,223,229,239,242
Wood, Tom, xvii, 201
Woodcut/s, 161
Woodman, Francesca, 110, 185
Woodstock, 31
World Wildlife Fund, 120
Wound, 79, 80, 83, 89
Wright, Terence, 230, 231
Writer/s, 19, 35, 42, 58, 130, 135, 165, 182, 193, 198, 228, 236, 242
XYZ
Yosemite, 54
Zen, 161
Zeus, 144
Zimbabwe, 196, 198, 246
Zola, 44
Zwingle, Erla, 116
